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family development theory concepts - Some of the major concepts in this theory are
developmental task, family life cycle, stages, transitions, norms, roles, positions, role
sequence, structure, career, boundaries, epigenesis, and families being stuck, or
arrested, in their development.
how family development theory works - It explains why family systems move from an
emphasis on rule creation in the formation stage of the life cycle to rules being implicit
and assumed later. It helps us understand why families deal with some issues, such as
inclusion, before they deal with managing emotional distance. It helps explain variations
in consumption patterns in families, patterns of giving and receiving help across
generations and among other kin, variations in marital satisfaction, and patterns of
mobility.
family systems theory assumptions - They like to back up and look at the "total picture"
as much as possible. All of the systems theories also seem to assume that there are
enough regularities in the ways parts and wholes are composed and function that it is
helpful to study them. They assume that life has great complexity and that focusing on
complex interrelationships can provide valuable insights. This perspective also assumes
that families cannot be
effectively understood unless the patterns in the relationships within the family and
between the family and external systems are taken into account.
family systems theory concepts - Many of the concepts in family-systems theory are the
same as in general systems theory—for example, terms like input, output, feedback,
rules of transformation, and boundaries. In addition, however, a number of concepts are
primarily limited to the family-systems theory: individuation, mystification, paradoxical
bonding, double bind, complementary and parallel relationships, metacommunication,
rules and metarules, boundaries, openness, pseudomutuality, coalition, and
triangulation.
how family systems theory works - This theory was designed by and for practitioners
who wanted to make a difference in the quality of family life. Therefore, it tends to be a
pragmatic theory, and it is extensively used in the field.
exchange theory assumptions - Humans seek rewards and avoid punishments.
▪ Humans are rational beings.
, The standards that humans use to evaluate costs and rewards vary over time and from
person to person.
exchange theory concepts - rewards is the first concept, and with rewards, we mean
anything that somebody sees as positive. Those can be material rewards, those can be
non-material rewards. Costs—anything that we don't like. You know, Brussels sprouts, if
we stick with the vegetable analogy. So we can have—a cost can be a punishment, or a
cost could be not getting a reward that we expected to get. So the profit, then, is really
the rewards minus the cost and that's it. Rationality-- But what this theory is talking
about is that rational people, two people that are rational thinkers, could be put in the
exact same situation with the exact same potential rewards, the exact same potential
costs, and both people—because they're rational—will make the same decision. A
rational decision is the decision that gives us the most profit. Reciprocity-- That's kind of
the "I'll scratch your back if you'll scratch mine." We like things to be equal, and if people
give to us, we feel obligated to give back to them, or we feel like we should not injure
people who do good things to us.
how exchange theory works - The most extensive application of social exchange has
been in the area of interpersonal relationships.[14] However, social exchange theory
materializes in many different situations with the same idea of the exchange of
resources. Self-Interest can encourage individuals to make decisions that will benefit
themselves overall.
critique of developmental theory - This theory is one of the narrower and less general
theories in family science. It is less general in that it deals with a fairly small part of the
elephant. It is also not widely used in research or application in the field. Therefore, it is
a useful but very limited perspective.
critique of family systems theory - The systemic perspective has provided many useful
insights, but it also has a number of important limitations. The scholars who developed
this perspective ignored gender issues and abusive processes in family systems. For
many years the therapeutically oriented scholars also generally paid little attention to
the "ego" aspect of family systems or the subsystems inside them. They focused their
attention almost exclusively on the internal processes of conjugal families.
Several other aspects of the systemic perspective are limiting. This perspective is a very
broad and general way of thinking.
critique of exchange theory - The first criticism is that Social Exchange Theory is not
testable. A second problem area has to do with the conceptualization of human beings
painted by Social Exchange Theory. In this theoretical framework, humans are seen as
rational calculators, coming up with numerical equations to represent their relational life.
Many people object to this understanding of humans, asking whether people really
rationally calculate the costs and rewards to be realized when engaging in a behavior or
pursuing a relationship. A third problem area is related to the second. Critics wonder if
people are really as self-interested as Social Exchange Theory assumes.
