Solutions for Database Management System, 1st Edition by Patni (All Chapters included)
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Database Management System 1e Patni
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Database Management System 1e Patni
Complete Solutions Manual for Database Management System, 1st Edition by Jagdish Chandra Patni; Hitesh Kumar Sharma; Ravi Tomar; Avita Katal ; ISBN13: 9780367244934...(Full Chapters are included and organized in reverse order from Chapter 8 to 1)...1. Basics of Database
2. Data models and Architec...
Database Management System, 1st
Edition by Jagdish Chandra Patni
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 8)
** Immediate Download
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** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1. Basics of Database
2. Data models and Architecture of DBMS
3. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
4. Entity Relationship Model
5. Normalization.
6. Managing Data Using Structured Query Language (SQL).
7. Introduction to PL/SQL
8. Transaction Management in Database.
,Solutions Manual organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to ensure
that all chapters are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch12-1)
8. Transaction Management in Database.
1. Explain what is meant by a transaction. Discuss the meaning of transaction states and
operations.
Solution:
Transactions can also be considered as the means to access, modify and manipulate a database.
This happens using either the read operation or the write operation on the database using
transactions. Let us understand the concept of transaction management using the standard
example of transferring money from user A to user B. If user A wants to transfer 2000 rupees
to user B, then there must be a deduction in A’s account with an addition in B’s account. The
series of steps which must be followed to perform this transaction are listed as:
• Read the account balance of A, to check if sufficient balance is there or not.
• Execute the given operation i.e. A=A-2000.
• Write the newly calculated balance to A’s account by overwriting the previous balance.
• Read the account balance of B.
• Execute the given operation i.e. B=B+2000.
• Write the newly calculated balance to B’s account by overwriting the previous balance.
Transactions are the bread butter for database management. Any transaction on a database can
be in any one of the following given states at a point in time [4]. These states define the behavior
of a transaction as in how a given transaction will proceed further. The transition of a
transaction between multiple states is represented in Figure 1. Start and end represent the
beginning and end of a transaction as shown in the figure. All of the states and their interactions
when combined, represent the life
d cycle of a transaction in a database.
Partially
committe Committed
Star Active Terminated End
t
Failed Aborted
, 8. Transaction Management in Database.
States of a transaction
Active state
• This is the first state in the lifecycle of the transaction. When a transaction starts
execution, it enters the active state. It stays here as long as the sequential steps
within the transaction are executed. While executing, the transaction will make
certain changes to the state of a database. These changes are stored in buffered
memory temporarily.
Partially committed state
• Once the transaction completed execution in the active state, it enters the partially
committed state. This state is so named because the transaction is not yet complete
and hence partial executed. The transaction is not completed until unless the
changes are reflected in the database. A transaction with changes written in buffer
memory is called as a partially committed transaction as the changes are not
reflected in the database.
Committed state
• Once the transaction executes properly and is ready to be committed to database, it
enters the committed state. This state deals with writing and reflecting the changes
of a transaction within the database. Once a transaction reaches this state, it cannot
be rolled back. If one has to revoke the changes, a new transaction with given
reverted changes must be executed.
Failed state
• When a given transaction is executing in active state or is present in the partially
committed state, if any abrupt event happens then the transaction moves to the failed
state and the changes are not reflected in the database.
Aborted state
• Once the transaction enters failed state, the changes made by the transaction must
be undone. This is done by rolling back the transaction and then entering the aborted
state.
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