Psych 439 Exam 1 Prep with Questions and Answers
Bicoid's role in head development ANSWER Wherever bicoid is added, a head can form (fully on its own)
Normal: bicoid is added to anterior end
Glial cells ANSWER Divide throughout life, can cause formation of brain tumors
Myelin ANSWER Incre...
Epigenetics ANSWER Pups that receive more licks and grooming as pups are less responsive
to stress
- more glucocorticoid receptors and can shut off their stress response more easily
-Hypothalamus -> Pituitary -> Adrenals -> glucocorticoid to Hypothalamus
-LG removes the methyl group -> increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor
Visual Deprivation in cats (experience affects brain) ANSWER Depriving one eye of sight
causes significant change in structure and function of visual cortex
-most neurons will respond to both eyes, when one is sealed, neurons switch to responding to
working eye
-neurons never go back to normal even after opening eye
Modern synthesis of evolution ANSWER Fusion of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural
selection and Mendel's laws of discrete inheritance
Genes ANSWER Specific DNA sequence embedded in chromosome that specifies structure
of proteins
, Genotype ANSWER genetic makeup of organism
Phenotype ANSWER physical appearance of organism
Cell Differentiation ANSWER process by which individual cells in a developing metazoan
become different from one another
Lineage ANSWER First mechanism of cellular differentiation
Mitotic lineage ANSWER a strict order of cell divisions that happen about the same way in
every individual worm
-can predict what a cell will become
-each fell's fate is determined by mitotic lineage
Embryonic Development ANSWER Three distinct germ layers
First several divisions of the zygote ANSWER Result in blastula: a spherical cluster of cells,
leaving a fluid-filled hollow space in the center
Blastomeres (derms) ANSWER the individual cells
Blastocoel ANSWER hollow space
Amphibian embryonic development ANSWER Formation of the gastrula results in three
germ cell layers, each making different contributions to the body
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