Exam (elaborations)
ASU DNP 604 Patho Midterm questions fully solved & updated 2025
- Course
- Institution
ASU DNP 604 Patho Midterm questions fully solved & updated 2025
[Show more]
Content preview
ASU DNP 604 Patho Midtermquestions fully solved &
updated 2025
What are free radicals - answer unstable oxygen-containing molecules
that can damage the cells of the body and possibly contribute to the
increased risk of chronic diseases
What are pathologic effects of excessive ROS? - answer Lipid peroxidation
- membrane damage
Protein modification
DNA damage
What are some problems linked to ROS and free radicals? - answer
Atherosclerosis, stroke, brain injury
IF ROS is at a healthy level what will they do - answer self- renew. But if
too much, it will cause problems.
O2 (superoxide) --> hydrogen peroxide --> Hydroxyl radical --> 3 cell
damage (DNA alteration, protein modification, and lipid peroxidation)
What is apoptosis? - answer programmed cell death
In apoptosis, there is cell swelling t/f - answer false, there is no swelling
(that is in necrosis)
Apoptosis triggers inflammation t/f - answer false, it does not trigger
inflammation it is programed cell death
Describe micelles - answer -made from monoglycerides and free fatty
acids
,- hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic interior
what kind of damage does lead cause? - answer Affect liver, kidney,
Nervous system, free radicals, and DNA transcription, anemia
= damage to brain, slowed developmental growth
Lead can pass the BBB t/f - answer true
Lead can move from bone to blood years after initial exposure t/f - answer
true
What is the affect of lead on calcium? - answer lead alters the intracellular
concentration of calcium (bone, brain, RBC, WBS)
what is the affect of lead on mg and zinc - answer alters and therefore
have neurotransmitter dysfunction
if you have an increased number of fat cells (obesity) indivdiuals are less
dehydrated t/f - answer false, they are more dehydrated b/c they can't
retain the water b/c fat cells are hydrophobic
What is diffusion? - answer solute from high to low concentration
What is osmosis - answer Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
What is osmotic pressure ? - answer The amount of pressure required to
stop the osmotic flow of water.
What is oncotic pressure? - answer Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in
solution.
,What pressure favors filtration? - answer and interstitial oncotic pressure
(water pulling) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
What pressure oppose filtration? - answer oncotic pressure (pressure of
plasma proteins) and interstitial hydrostatic pressure
what happens if there is a problem with fluid distribution? - answer
Edema.
what are the four common mechanisms of edema - answer 1. increased
capillary hydrostataic presssure
2. decreased plasma oncotic pressure
3. increased capillary membrane permeability
4. lymphatic obstruction
What does alosterone do? - answer increases sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion
RAAS - answer Angiotensinogen --> renin (kidney) --> Angiotensin 2 -->
ACE --> Angiotensin II (adrenal cortex) --> aldosterone -->
vasoconstriction
Where is ADH produced? - answer posterior pituitary
Metabolic alkalosis - answer ph >7.35 and elevation in bicarb
What is metabolic alkalosis caused by? - answer suctioning, vomiting,
diuretics
what is a compensatory mechanism of metabolic alkalosis? - answer
hypoventilation ( to keep acid in Co2)
, What are oligodendrocytes? - answer A type of glial cell that forms
insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the central
nervous system.
Capable of insulating up to 50 different axons
What are Schwann cells? - answer A type of glial cell that forms insulating
myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous
system.
capable of insulating only a single axon
What is the pons responsible for? - answer helps regulate breathing along
with the medulla oblongata
What does the medulla oblongata do? - answer controls breathing, heart
rate, and vomiting
What does CSF do? - answer bathes, cushions, chemically stabilizes and
facilitates buoyancy for the brain and spinal cord
Circulate between 125-150mL in the ventricles, subarachnoid space, and
spinal cord.
What does CSF contain? - answer colorless fluid contains small amounts of
protein, glucose, lactic acid, urea, and potassium as well as a relatively
large amount of sodium chloride.
What does the choroid plexus do? - answer produces CSF in ventricles
What is the specificity pain theory? - answer Amount of pain is r/t the
amount of tissue injury
what is pattern pain theory? - answer Describes the role of impulse
intensity; pattern of stimulation is interpreted as painful
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BRAINBOOSTERS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now