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PHAR 100 Final Exam Questions with correct Answers
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PHAR 100 Final Exam Questions with correct Answers
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PHAR 100 Final Exam Questions withcorrect Answers
Drugs ii- iiAnswers ii-Any iisubstance iireceived iiby iia.biological iisystem iithat iiis iinot
iireceived iifor iinutritive iipurposes iiand iiwhich iiinfluences iithe iibiological iifunction iiof iithe
iiorganism. iiMeans iithat iichemicals, iibiological iiagents iiand iiherbal iiproducts iiare iiall
iidrugs.
When iiwere iithe iimajority iiof iiclinically iiuseful iidrugs iideveloped? ii- iiAnswers ii-Over iithe
iipast ii250 iiyears.
Pharmaology ii- iiAnswers ii-The iiscience iiof iidrugs, iiincluding iitheir iiuses, iieffects iiand
iimechanisms iiof iiaction.
Key iihistorical iiinfluences iithat iihave iishaped iimodern iipharmacology ii- iiAnswers ii-The
iimany iidiscoveries iimade iiby iiancient iicivilizations
The iirole iiof iipoisons iiin iihistory.
The iiinfluence iiof iireligion.
Ancient iiCivilizations ii- iiAnswers ii-Healers iiexisted iiin iia iinumber iiof iiancient iicultures
iiincluding iiAncient iiGreece, iiAncient iiEgypt iiand iiAncient iiChina.
Ancient iiGreece: iiThreophastus ii- iiAnswers ii-Threophrastus, iia iipupil iiof iiAristotle iiwrote
iia iitextbook iion iitherapeutics iithat iiincluded iiopium.
Opium iiis iiobtained iifrom iithe iiopium iipoppy.
Ancient iiGreece: iiSerturner ii- iiAnswers ii-A iipharmacist iiworking iiin iiGermany iiin ii1803.
iiIsolated iicrystals iiof iimorphine iiin iiopium iiand iitested iithe iipure iisubstance. iiDiscovered
iiit iicould iirelieve iipain.
What iidoes iiopium iicontain ii- iiAnswers ii-Morphine, iicodeine
Morphine ii- iiAnswers ii-Opium iicontains iiapproximately ii10% iimorphine. iiCoined iifrom
iiMorpheus.
Codeine ii- iiAnswers ii-Contains ii0.5% iicodeine.
Ancient iiEgypt ii- iiAnswers ii-recorded iion iidocuments iicalled iipapyri.
,q
Ebers iipapyrus ii- iiAnswers ii-1550 iiBCE: iiIntended iito iibe iia iitextbook iiof iidrug iiuse iifor
iimedical iistudents.
The iipapyrus iicontained iimainy iitrue iiobservations iion iithe iiuse iiof iidrugs, iiespecially
iipurgatives.
Senna- iistill iiused iitoday
Ancient iiChina ii- iiAnswers ii-Earliest iirecorded iidrug iiexperiments iicome iifrom iiChina iiin
iithe iiyear ii2700 iiBCE. iiShen iiNung iiused iito iiclassify iidrugs iiaccording iito iitaste.
Ma iiHuang iiwas iiclassified iias iia iimedium iidrug. iiWidely iiused iifor iicoughs, iiinfluenza
iiand iifevers.
Ephedrine iihas iibeen iiisolated iifrom iiMa iiHuang. iiUsed iito iitreat iiasthma. iiCan iibe iiused
iias iia iidecongestant.
Poisons: iiCurare ii- iiAnswers ii-Plant-derived iidrug. iiHistorically iiused iiby iiindigenous
iipeople iiin iiregions iiof iithe iiAmazon.
Curare: iiUse iiof iia iipoison ii- iiAnswers ii-Indigenous iipeoples iiof iithe iiAmazon iidipped
iitheir iiarrows iiin iicurare iifor iihunting. iiActed iiupon iivoluntary iimuscles iicausing
iiparalysis.
Curare: iiUse iias iia iidrug ii- iiAnswers ii-Used iiby iiIndigenous iiPeople iiinspired iiallopathic
iimedicine. iiEventually iiused iiby iianesthetics iiduring iisurgery. iiSmall iidoses iicould
iirelieve iimuscles. iiThe iistructure iihas iisince iibeen iimodified iito iimake iiit iisafer.
Ergot ii- iiAnswers ii-A iipoisonous iifungus iithat iigrows iion iithe iiheads iiof iirye.
Ground iitogether iiwith iirye iiin iithe iimiddle iiages, iifinding iiits iiway iiinto iibread. iiCaused
iiterrible iiepidemics, iikilling iias iimany iias ii20 ii000 iipeople iiin iiRussia.
Ergot: iiEffects iiof iiPoisoning; iiNervous iiSystem ii- iiAnswers ii-Once iiit iienters iithe iibody,
iiergot iitargets iithe iinervous iisystem. iiResults iiin iisymptoms iisuch iias iimental iifrenzy,
iihallucinations iiand iiconvulsions.
Ergot: iiEffects iiof iiPoisoning; iiCariovascular iiSystem ii- iiAnswers ii-Ergot iipoisoning iican
iicause iiconstrictions iiof iiblood iivessels iileading iito iifingers, iitoes iiand iilimbs iibecoming
iistarved iiof iitheir iiblood iisupply.
Ergot: iiEffects iiof iiPoisoning; iiReproductive iiSystem ii- iiAnswers ii-Can iicause iiviolent
iicontractions iiof iithe iiuterus.
,Some iimidwives iirecognized iithat iismall iiamounts iiof iiergot iicould iibe iiuseful iiin
iihastening iilabour. iiUsed iias iiearly iias iithe ii16th iicentury.
Physicians iiin iithe ii1800s iiused iiergot iito iiexpedite iilingering iilabour. iiCould iiresult iiin
iideath.
Ergot: iiUse iias iia iidrug ii- iiAnswers ii-Ergotamine iiand iiergonovine iiare iithe iitwo
iicompounds iiderived iifrom iiergot iiwith iipharmocological iiuses.
Ergotamine ii- iiAnswers ii-Is iiuseful iiin iithe iitreatment iiof iimigraines. ii
Ergotamine iiconstricts iithe iiblood iivessels iipreventing iithe iipulsation iiof iiarterial iiblood
iivessels iithat iicarry iiblood iito iithe iihead.
Ergonovine ii- iiAnswers ii-Once iiused iito iihasten iibirth. iiForce iiof iiuterine iicontractions
iimay iibe iitoo iistrong iiand iiparent iimay iibe iiinjured iiby iitoo iirapid iidelivery iiof iithe iichild.
Can iibe iiused iito iiarrest iiuterine iibleeding.
The iiInfluence iiof iiReligion ii- iiAnswers ii-Traditional iihealers iiacted iias iiboth iiphysicians
iiand iipriests. iiThis iiresults iiin iitherapy iibeing iiheavily iiinfluenced iion iiboth iireligion iiand
iimagic.
Plants iicontaining iiintoxicating iisubstances iiwere iiused iiby iitraditional iihealers iito iialter
iitheir iistate iiof iiconsciousness iiand iifacilitate iicommunication iiwith iitheir iigods.
Peyote ii- iiAnswers ii-A iicactus iiused iiin iiMexico iito iiachieve iia iimystical iistate, iilinked iito
iispiritual iiand iiritualistic iiuse.
Contains iia iipotent iisubstance iimescaline, iiwhich iicauses iihallucinations, iia iifeeling iiof
iiwell-being iiand iidistortion iiof iiperception, iisimilar iito iiLSD.
Zinc iiOxide ii- iiAnswers ii-Used iiin iiancient iitimes, iiconsidered iiof iigreat iiimportance iito
iitherapies. ii
Found iiin iia iinumber iiof iitopical iicreams iisuch iias iirash iicreams iiand iicalamine iilotion.
Roman iiShipping iiVessel ii- iiAnswers ii-Sunk iioff iithe iicoast iiof iiTuscany iiaround ii120
iiBCE. iiExcavated iiin iithe ii1980s iiand ii90s, iiuncovering iiancient iiroman iimedical iitablets
iisealed iiin iitin iicontainers.
Analysis iiof iithe iimedical iitablets iirevealed iia iinumber iiof iizinc iicompounds, iiiron iioxide,
iibesswax, iipine iiresin iiand iiother iiplant iiderived iimaterial.
, About ii25 ii% iiof iithe iidrugs iiused iitoday iiare... ii- iiAnswers ii-derived iifrom iiplant iisources,
iiwith iithe iiactive iisubstances iibeing iipurified iiand iithen iimodified iito iibe iieither iimore
iieffective iior iiless iitoxic.
Drugs iiacting iion iithe iibrain: iidiscovery ii- iiAnswers ii-Albert iiHofmann iiworked iifor iia
iiSwiss iipharmaceutical iifirm iiwas iiinvolved iiin iitrying iito iisynthesize iiimproved
iipharmaceutical iiproducts iiusing iiergot. ii
Synthesized iiLSD, iisimilar iiin iistructure iito iiergotamine iiand iiergonovine.
Drugs iiActing iion iithe iiBrain ii- iiAnswers ii-Alter iithe iinormal iichemical iisignalling iiin iithe
iibrain.
LSD ii- iiAnswers ii-Lysergic iiAcid iiDiethylamide.
Classified iias iia iicontrolled iisubstance iiin iithe ii1970s.
Drugs iiActing iiOn iithe iiBrain: iiContribution iito iiPharmacology ii- iiAnswers ii-Discovery iiof
iiLSD iipsychedelic iieffects iisupported iithe iiidea iithat iicertain iimental iiillnesses iimay iibe
iidue iito iithe iiproduction iiof iipotent iisubstances iiof iithe iibrain iithat iiproduced
iidistrubance.
Drugs iiActing iiAgainst iiInfectious iiDisease ii- iiAnswers ii-An iiinfectious iidisease iiis iiany
iidisease iicaused iiby iian iiorganism.
1900s iiOrganoarsenicals ii- iiAnswers ii-Paul iiEhrlich: iiDesigned iicomplexes iiof iiarsenic
iiand iiorganic iimolecules iicalled iiorsanoarsenicals iiwhich iiselectively iibound iito
iiparasites. ii
Applied iito iiother iiinfectious iidiseases iiand iiled iito iicure iifor iisyphilis.
Syphilis ii- iiAnswers ii-A iibacterial iiinfection iitransmitted iisexually iithrough iidirect iicontact
iiwith iia iisyphilis iisore. iiEasy iito iicure iiwhen iidiagnosed iiand iitreated iiearly.
1930s: iiSulfa iiDrugs ii- iiAnswers ii-Gerhard iiDomagk iiintroduced iisulfa iidrugs iiin ii1930s
iiGermany.
First iisynthetic iidrug iiused iifor iitreatment iiof iibacterial iidisease.
Now iitermed iiantibacterial iicompounds.
1940s: iiPenicillin ii- iiAnswers ii-Alexander iiFleming iidiscovered iipenicilin, iithe iifirst
iiantibiotic.
Introduction iito iimodern iimedicine iioccurred iiduring iiWWII
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