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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 questions and answers
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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 questions and answers
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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 questionsand answers 2025-2026
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - answer can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see
antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - answer Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - answer Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - answer Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be
pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
Leukotrines - answer Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes,
and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - answer Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - answer Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
,Neutrophils - answer Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - answer Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - answer Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - answer Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - answer Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - answer Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
Complement - answer Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - answer Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - answer Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to
form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - answer Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
, COX2 - answer Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - answer Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events
except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - answer Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - answer Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - answer Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - answer Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - answer Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - answer Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective
one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - answer E. Immediate response to allergen, food,
meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex
at 2nd exposure. Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - answer Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay
fever, eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - answer E. Antibodies directed against fixed
antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
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