Intro. To Clinical Pharmacology - Chapter 16 Questions
And Answers With Verified Solutions (Graded A+) Latest
Update 2024/2025.
antacids - ANSWER neutralize hydrochloric acid and increase gastric pH, thus inhibiting pepsin.
antiflatulents - ANSWER Agents that break up and prevent mucus-surrounded pockets of gas
from forming in the intestine.
digestive enzymes - ANSWER Substances that promote digestion by acting as replacement
therapy when the body's natural pancreatic enzymes are lacking, not secreted, or not properly absorbed.
disulfiram reaction - ANSWER Immediate and severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as
many other adverse reactions, caused when a patient mixes disulfiram with alcohol. Some medications,
such as metronidazole (Flagyl; used to treat vaginal infections), can produce a similar reaction.
emetics - ANSWER Drugs used in emergency situations to cause vomiting so as to remove
poisons from the stomach before they can be absorbed.
histamine H₂-receptor antagonists - ANSWER Agents that promote healing of ulcers and act
with antacids to produce more alkaline conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Reach peak at 45 to 90
minutes
laxatives - ANSWER Drugs that help draw fluid into the intestine to promote fecal softening,
speed the passage of feces through the colon, or increase peristalsis to aid in the elimination of stool
from the rectum.
motility - ANSWER Spontaneous, unconscious, or involuntary movement; may apply to food
moving through the gastrointestinal tract or to muscular activity.
proton pump inhibitors - ANSWER Drugs that irreversibly stop the acid secretory pump
embedded within the gastric parietal cell membrane by altering the activity of H⁺ K⁺-ATPase, the enzyme
inhibiting hydrogen ion transport into the gastric lumen, and thus decrease acid secretion.do not effect
gastric emptying
sucralfate and misoprostol - ANSWER designed to assist in the protection of GI mucosa from the
effects of NSAIDs
3 actions of antacids - ANSWER hydrogen ion absorption (buffering the acid), tightening of
gastric mucosa, increased tone of the cardiac sphincter, formation of gas that may be released
Use of Antacids - ANSWER treat: peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, gastric ulcer, peptic esophagitis,
hiatal hernia, gatric hyperacidity, esophageal reflux
Use of histamine H2 receptor antagonist - ANSWER once at bedtime for uncomplicated peptic
ulcers
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