AP Human Geography Chapter 2 Test Guaranteed A+
2/3 of World Population ️️East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe
What is **demographic transition**, and how does it help explain population changes?
️️ The demographic transition model describes the shift in birth and death rates...
2/3 of World Population ✔️✔️East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe
What is **demographic transition**, and how does it help explain population changes?
✔️✔️ The demographic transition model describes the shift in birth and death rates a country
experiences as it industrializes and develops. It helps explain how population growth changes over time,
with countries moving from high birth and death rates to lower ones, stabilizing population growth.
Explain the concept of **forced migration** and provide an example.
✔️✔️ Forced migration occurs when people are compelled to move due to threats such as conflict,
persecution, or natural disasters. An example is the Syrian refugee crisis, where millions were forced to
flee due to civil war and violence.
What is a **pull factor**, and how does it influence migration?
✔️✔️ A pull factor is a positive attribute of a destination that attracts people, such as job
opportunities, political stability, or better living conditions. Pull factors play a major role in migration by
drawing individuals to specific areas with favorable circumstances.
Define **physiological density** and explain why it’s a useful measurement.
✔️✔️ Physiological density measures the number of people per unit of arable (farmable) land. It’s
useful because it gives a more accurate view of the population pressure on productive land, which is
crucial for understanding resource availability and agricultural capacity.
What is the difference between **population growth rate** and **natural increase rate**?
✔️✔️ Population growth rate includes both natural increase (birth rate minus death rate) and net
migration, reflecting the total change in population size. Natural increase rate only considers the
difference between births and deaths, excluding migration.
Explain the term **urban hierarchy** and its significance in human geography.
, ✔️✔️ Urban hierarchy is the ranking of cities based on their size and economic influence, from small
towns to global cities. It helps understand the distribution of services, resources, and population, as
larger cities offer more specialized services and economic opportunities.
What is **anti-natalist policy**? Give an example.
✔️✔️ Anti-natalist policies are government strategies to reduce birth rates and slow population
growth. An example is China’s former one-child policy, which limited families to one child to address
rapid population growth and resource constraints.
Describe **doubling time** and how it’s calculated.
✔️✔️ Doubling time is the period it takes for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate
of growth. It’s calculated by dividing 70 by the annual population growth rate percentage, providing
insight into how quickly a population is expanding.
What is the **difference between emigration and immigration**?
✔️✔️ Emigration is when individuals leave their country of origin to settle elsewhere, while
immigration is the arrival of individuals into a new country. Emigration decreases a country’s population,
while immigration increases it.
Define **cultural push factor** and provide an example.
✔️✔️ A cultural push factor is a cultural reason that motivates people to leave their country, such as
religious persecution or discrimination. An example is the migration of people fleeing religious
intolerance or seeking freedom of worship.
How does a **high dependency ratio** affect government spending?
✔️✔️ A high dependency ratio means more dependents (young and elderly) relative to the working-
age population. It often leads to increased government spending on social services like healthcare,
education, and pensions, impacting the economy and potentially increasing taxes.
What is the **aging population phenomenon**, and what are some challenges it presents?
✔️✔️ Aging population refers to an increasing proportion of elderly individuals due to declining birth
rates and rising life expectancy. Challenges include a shrinking workforce, higher healthcare costs, and
the need for more social services, placing financial pressure on governments and younger workers.
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