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APHY 101 - MIDTERM CH. 1-6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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APHY 101 - MIDTERM CH. 1-6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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APHY 101 - MIDTERM CH. 1-6 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the study of Physiology -
Answers- Anatomy is the study of structure of body parts/Physiology is the study of
function of body parts
Name and define the levels of organization of life - Answers- Organelles, cells, tissues,
organs, and organ systems
Define Metabolisim - Answers- The sum of all physical and chemical events that obtain,
release, and utilize energy
What is meant by anatomical position? - Answers- Universal body position: Standing
erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out.
Explain why chemistry is an important part of the study of Physiology - Answers- Body
functions depend on cellular functions that, in turn, result from chemical changes
Atom - Answers- The smallest unit of matter that defines the chemical elements
Element - Answers- Fundamental substances in which all matter is composed of
Molecule - Answers- 2 or more atoms may combine to form a molecule
Compound - Answers- A substance made from two or more elements chemically
combined
Name the bulk elements of the body - Answers- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Sulfur, and Phosphorus
What do atomic number and atomic weight of an atom represent? - Answers- Atomic
Number is the number of protons in the atoms of a particular element/Atomic Weight is
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an element's atoms
Define Ion. How do we indicate in a molecular formula if an atom is an ion? - Answers-
Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged
Isotope - Answers- An isotope is an atom that have the same atomic numbers but
different atomic weights
Distinguish between types of chemical reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Exchange,
and Reversible - Answers-
, Electrolyte - Answers- An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically
conducting solution when dissolved in water.
Acid - Answers- Acids are electrolytes that dissociate the release hydrogen ions in
water
Base - Answers- A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
Neutral compound - Answers- Occurs when ions of opposite charges attract one
another to form electrically neutral compounds.
Define Homeostasis. How does a homeostatic mechanism maintain homeostasis? -
Answers- The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Depend on normal concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen, and normal body
temperature and pressure
What is meant by negative feedback? How does negative feedback affect homeostatic
mechanisms? - Answers- Works to correct a deviation from a set point (Tries to get
back to the set point/normal)
Describe the structure of a serous membrane - Answers- Smooth membrane consisting
of 2 layers of epithelial cells which secrete serous fluid
What are signs of aging at the cellular level? - Answers- Impaired cell division and the
ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts
How are acid and bases represented on the pH scale? - Answers- Any pH number
greater than 7 is considered a base and any pH number less than 7 is considered an
acid. 0 is the strongest acid and 14 is the strongest base.
How do hydrogen ion concentrations change as the numbers change? - Answers- As
the hydrogen concentration increases, the pH decreases
What is Acidosis? Alkalosis? - Answers- Acidosis = pH less than 7.35
Alkalosis =pH rise in the blood
What distinguishes an organic compound from an inorganic compound? - Answers-
Organic compounds result from the activity of living beings, whereas inorganic
compounds are either the result of natural processes unrelated to any life form or the
result of human experimentation in the laboratory
Give examples and characteristics of the 4 types of Organic Molecules - Answers- 1)
Carbohydrate: Immediate source of energy for organisms. Ex: Monosaccaharides,
simple sugars.
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