A4M REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
0 view 0 purchase
Course
A4M
Institution
A4M
A4M REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Where is estrogen produced? - Answer -ovaries
Where is DHEA produced? - Answer -adrenal gland
Estrogen can also be made from? - Answer -DHEA
Estrogen should always be prescribed which route? - Answer -transversally
N...
A4M REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Where is estrogen produced? - Answer -ovaries
Where is DHEA produced? - Answer -adrenal gland
Estrogen can also be made from? - Answer -DHEA
Estrogen should always be prescribed which route? - Answer -transversally
NOT PO- inflammatory
How should transversal estrogen be applied? - Answer -apply to thigh and rub in for 2
minutes can transfer for up to 12 hours.
Hormonal holiday - Answer -after patient has been on hormones for 6 months, must
take holiday every month.
1. Take hormones Monday to Saturday none on Sunday.
2. Take hormones days 1-25 and 4 days off.
3. If patient wishes to cycle then take all hormones including T every day except for
progesterone days 14-25 (mock cycling)
Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy is contraindicated in which patients? -
Answer -history of hormonally related cancer- breast, ovarian, uterine
How to lower excess levels of estrogen? - Answer -improve phase I and phase II detox
in the liver, exercise, lower dose of estrogen replacement, weight loss
Estrogen - Answer -E1
Estradiol - Answer -E2
Estrous - Answer -E3
Estrogen replacement relieves what symptoms of menopause? - Answer -cognitive
decline
Bone loss
Cardiovascular disease
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
Any disease associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
S/s of estrogen deficiency in males? - Answer -osteopenia/osteoporosis
Cognitive decline
Dyslipidemia
,Functions of estrogen in males? - Answer -helps maintain memory
Regulates gonadotropin feedback
Bone maturation/regulation of bone desorption
Lipid metabolism
Medicines that decrease estrogen levels in men? - Answer -Phenobarbital
Chlordiazepoxide
Carbamepazine
Trazodone
Sulcrafate
Overdose of medication that lower estrogen? - Answer -chrysene (usually used
transversally)
Anastrozole and other aromatize inhibitors
When is estriol replacement being used in males? - Answer -autoimmune encephalitis
and multiple sclerosis
Contraindications in estrogen therapy in males - Answer -prostate or breast cancer
S/s of elevated estrogen in males? - Answer -gynecomastia, increased risk of heart
disease/prostate cancer, ED, CVA double risk, BPH
cause of elevated estrogen in male? - Answer -increased aromatase activity
alteration in liver function
zinc deficiency - Low zinc may increase the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen
high dose vitamin E
grapefruit
high doses of testosterone
medications: pain meds, abx, anti fungals, statins, antidepressant, antipsychotic, BP
meds, antacids
what BP med causes elevated estrogen and decreased testosterone? - Answer -
amiodarone
how to lower high estrogen levels in males? - Answer -decrease T dose
zinc
chrysin
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
maca
grape see extract
wild nettle root
decrease alcohol
lose weight
resveratrol
,high dose vit C
niacin
what is progesterone made from? - Answer -pregnenolone
cause of progesterone deficiency? - Answer -antidepressants
hypothyroid
def vit A B6 zinc and C
excessive arginine consumption
impaired production due to increase prolactin levels
saturated fat intake
stress
high sugar intake
aging process
progesterone can be given PO or transdermally - Answer -PO- perimenopausal and
menopausal for better breast protection
if the patient has anxiety or insomnia give PO since progesterone will cross the BBB
and hit GABA receptors and have calming effect
best if used SR (E4M) but the GI tract needs to be healthy for optimal release
transdermal application-
do not put on breast tissue
do not apply to abdomen- can slow bowels
best applied to thigh and rotate sites, can transfer up to 12 hours
what type of estrogen to measure in males? - Answer -estrone and estradiol
functions of progesterone in males? - Answer -5 alpha reductase inhibitor
helps with myelination
influences spermiogenesis
blocking of gonadotropin secretion
sleep improvement
effects of the potentiation of GABA
neuroprotective
immunoprotective
cardioprotective
calming effect
s/s of progesterone deficiency in males
s/s of progesterone elevation in males - Answer -d- prostate enlargement
e- sexual dysfunction
, cause of elevated levels of progesterone in females or males? - Answer -patient
prescribed too much progesterone or pregnenolone
E3 protective against what? - Answer -less stimulatory effect on breast and uterine
lining
protects against breast cancer
estrogen receptor alpha binding site - Answer -increases cell growth
estrogen receptor beta binding site - Answer -decreases cell growth and helps prevent
breast cancer development
which estrogen binds to which receptor? - Answer -E1 activates alpha in a 5 to 1 ratio
E2 equally activates alpha and beta
E3 binds to beta in a 3 to 1 ratio
biest percentage - Answer -20% E2
80% E3
how fast is natural estrogen eliminated from the body through urine versus synthetic? -
Answer -within a day versus 13 weeks
premarin - Answer -most common form of synthetic estrogen
estrone E1
contains horse estrogens (equaling and equilenin)
detoxification organs - Answer -liver
GI tract
kidneys
skin
lungs
xenoestrogens - Answer -environmental compounds that mimic the effects of natural
estrogen
Phase I Detoxification - Answer -enzymes in the cytochrome P450 system use oxygen
to modify toxic compounds, medications and steroid hormones into intermediate
compounds
occurs in the liver
SNPs:
increased phase I clearance without increased phase II clearance? can lead to the
buildup of intermediates that may be more toxicant than the original substance
decreased phase I clearance? will cause toxic accumulation in the body. adverse
reactions to meds are often d/t a decreased capacity for clearing them from your system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NURSINGSTUDYSTORE. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
