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NSCI 175 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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NSCI 175 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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NSCI 175 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONSWITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Explain why progress in science is often slow - ANSWER -Science is an ongoing process of
questioning, observing, and testing
Explain the reductionist approach - ANSWER -Neuroscientists break down complex problems
into smaller pieces for systematic experimental analysis
Compare the levels of analysis: molecular, cellular, systems, behavioral, and cognitive
neuroscience - ANSWER -Molecular Neuroscience: Brain matter consists of molecules and these
different molecules play many different roles crucial for brain function. Focus on single
proteins/molecules and its function.
Cellular Neuroscience: Focus on studying how all these molecules work together to give
neurons their special properties. "How many different types? How do they differ in function?
How do they wire together?"
Systems Neuroscience: Study how different neural circuits analyze sensory information, form
perceptions (from external world), make decisions, and execute movements. Focus on distinct
circuitry.
Behavioral Neuroscience: Study on how these neural systems work together to produce
integrated behavior. Drugs and regulation of mood and behavior; memory in different systems;
systems and gender-specific behavior.
Cognitive Neuroscience: Understanding neural mechanisms responsible for higher levels of
human mental activity, such as self-awareness, imagination, and language.
NSCI 175 Exam 1 Study Guide QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, List and Describe the four essential steps in the scientific process, with examples - ANSWER -1)
Observation: Observe how bats navigate 3D space (because humans operate upright and bats
fly)
2) Replication: Repeating the same experiment in different subjects/animals in the same lab
3) Interpretation: The data found by this work on bats put to rest the once popular theory that
proposed a certain type of brain oscillation creates a grid-like neural map. This theory came
from rat studies and this oscillation found in rats is absent in bats.
4) Verification: Needs to be verified by other scientists, a different research group (find these
cells in other mammals or in bats)
Discuss the importance of animal research in the field of neuroscience - ANSWER -Animal
research is not just about testing drugs, it is about understanding basic biology.
Many helpful (to humans) things have been created by animal research: Blood transfusions;
Insulin; Asthma inhalers; Hip replacements; Vaccines; Antidepressants; etc
Explain when animal research is needed - ANSWER -When there is not enough information to
make a model of the animal. Or when ethics will not allow for the research to occur on humans.
Differentiate animal rights and animal welfare views - ANSWER -Animal welfare: Experimenting
on animals is acceptable if suffering is minimized; human benefits are gained which could not
be obtained otherwise.
Animal rights: Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because animals have the same
legal and moral rights as humans; it causes suffering to animals; benefits could be produced in
other ways
Describe the three Rs of ethical animal research - ANSWER -Reduction: Reducing the number of
animals used in experiments
NSCI 175 Exam 1 Study Guide QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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