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CD 451 Final Question and answers rated A+ CD 451 Final Which look at patterns of errors and which looks at sounds individually? - correct answer Relational (correspondence): Looks at patterned{linguistic and articulation: looks at phonological proccesses, voice-place-manner, and distinctive ...

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  • November 13, 2024
  • 57
  • 2024/2025
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CD 451 Final
Which look at patterns of errors and which looks at sounds individually? -
correct answer ✔Relational (correspondence): Looks at patterned{linguistic
and articulation: looks at phonological proccesses, voice-place-manner, and
distinctive features} and non-patterened {looks at articulation and is sound by
sound}


Independence Analysis: looks at patterned approaches, linear and non linear,
generative, geometric, metrical, and geographic


which test is a sound by sound assessment? - correct answer ✔Goldman
Fristoe-3 Test of Articulation
-sound by sound analysis desvrives individual. sound errors and not patterns
of errors


-good choice when there are few errors so describing patterns is not indicated


-good choice for structural organic etiology to describe distoritions and other
phonetic errors


How are tests of phonology different from [sound by sound] articulation tests?
- correct answer ✔Phonology Test:
-cognitive/linguistic disorder
-for description of error patterns and relationships between errors
-not useful when client demonstrates idiosyncratic or unusual production
errors


Sound by Sound:

,- Rely on 1 to 1 correspondence between the target and the production.
Implies client has some knowledge of what target ought to be but there is a
change (a substitution, omission, etc)
-client with few errors-so there is no need to describe patterns
-dysarthric client or those with distortions and other phonetic/articulatory
errors.


What is the purpose of screening? - correct answer ✔Strictly to identify need
for further assessment, not to diagnose or make decisions regarding
intervention.


Is it designed to over or under identify those with problems? - correct answer
✔Screening tests are designed to over-identify because there is greater risk
with missing a client who needs intervention, than providing further
assessment for a client who ends up not needing intervention


After a screening has been performed - what are reasons for further testing? -
correct answer ✔to test stimulability


Stimulability is The ability of a client to repeat the correct adult form of sounds
in error when provided with models, cues, and other methods of stimulating
correct or improved production.


What are the primary purposes of artic and phonological assessment? -
correct answer ✔Purpose
To find out what child knows


Use
For children with phonological/linguistic problems & involved error patterns
that do not correspond to developmental error patterns

,Advantages
Reveals what the child knows and what is missing in the child's productive
phonological knowledge


What is stimulability? - correct answer ✔The ability of a client to repeat the
correct adult form of sounds in error when provided with models, cues, and
other methods of stimulating correct or improved production.


Indicates phonetic ability; i.e., ability to produce


Assess stimulability at three levels
sound in isolation
sound in a syllable
sound in a word


What is stimulability used for? - correct answer ✔determine whether or not a
sound will be acquired without intervention


determine the level of phonetic production at which instruction may begin,
including
1) which phonemes to target
2) level to target (isolation, syllable or word)


Stimulability: Research - correct answer ✔Children with high stimulability
scores are most likely to self correct articulation errors without remediation.

, A sound which is easily imitated is likely to generalize to other levels/contexts
without direct instruction.




Madison:
Regarding children with articulation errors:
Sounds for which the client is stimulable in isolation should be given priority in
instruction
Children who are stimulable for production in syllables are likely to self
correct and do well with remediation
Children who are stimulable at word level may self correct


Stimulability: Research (phonological disorders) - correct answer ✔Powell
Miccio


Training a sound for which the child is not stimulable results in greater system
wide generalization, than training a sound for which the client is stimulable
Developed a stimulability protocol
Client encouraged to listen to and watch the clinician's production
Includes imitative testing on error sounds produced in phrases, words,
syllables or in isolation
Stimulability in isolation, nonsense syllables (I,M,F) and monosyllabic words
(I,M,F)


Considerations - cooperation of child, number of sounds in error, success with
imitative task


Why do stimulability testing? - correct answer ✔-Stimulability is a
consideration in selection of targets.

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