Vet Prep NAVLE Questions With Correct
Answers
You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected liver shunt. After
finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find several calculi in the bladder. What is the
most likely type of stone?
Cysteine
...
You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected liver shunt. After
finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find several calculi in the bladder. What is the
most likely type of stone?
Cysteine
Struvite
Urate
Xanthine - answer✔The correct answer is urate. Animals with portosystemic shunts are very
predisposed to developing urate uroliths due to their inability to metabolize purines appropriately.
A 2-year old male castrated Border Collie presents for a 1-week history of small bowel diarrhea. A fecal
flotation shows numerous Giardia cysts. What is the treatment of choice for this dog?
Ipronidazole
Metronidazole
Decoquinate
Albendazole - answer✔Metronidazole
Black walnut toxicity causes what condition in horses?
Pulmonary edema - answer✔The correct answer is laminitis. Although the specific toxic principle in
black walnuts responsible for causing laminitis or acute lameness in horses is unknown, evidence
suggests juglone (a napthaquinone) plays a role. Do not use black walnuts for horse bedding.
Which of these would be appropriate for a horse with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)?
Brome hay
Timothy hay
Alfalfa hay
Beet molasses - answer✔The correct answer is timothy hay. Of these choices, the only feed with low
potassium is timothy hay. A low potassium diet is the most important nutritional modification in the
treatment of HYPP. Regular exercise and feeding smaller, frequent meals can also reduce clinical signs.
This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and owners should be discouraged from
breeding affected animals.
A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis of the right leg (see image). There
is normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below
the knee. The remainder of your skeletal and neurologic examination is unremarkable. Which of the
following is most likely in this bird?
Intervertebral disc disease
Botulism
Marek's disease
Renal neoplasia
Lead toxicosis - answer✔The signalment and progressive unilateral paresis are most suspicious for renal
neoplasia of budgerigars. Affected birds develop paresis due to pressure exerted on the sciatic nerve by
a renal tumor. There is typically normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion,
extension, and sensation below the knee as described here.
Disc disease is uncommon in birds. Lead toxicity can lead to peripheral neuropathy and paresis but
typically there are more multifocal or other accompanying signs such as polyuria/polydipsia,
gastrointestinal signs, wing droop, head tilt, or convulsions. Marek's disease typically affects younger
animals. Botulism typically presents with flaccid paralysis of the legs, wings, and neck.
Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait in Arabian foals. Heterozygotes
are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier rate for the genetic mutation is 8%, what is the
expected frequency of Arabian foals that are homozygous for the mutated allele?
0.064%
0.16%
2%
0.64%
25%
4% - answer✔You do not need to know anything about the disease in this question in order to get the
correct answer. You are told that the disease is recessive and has a carrier rate of 8%Because the trait is
recessive, homozygotes will be the only individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous
for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or
0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting
two mutant alleles (50% chance for each allele from each parent).Since the chances of both parents
being carriers is 0.64% and the chance of having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in 4, the overall
expected frequency of diseased foals is 0.0064 x 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%.
Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds?
Propofol
Ivermectin
Morphine
Thiopental - answer✔The correct answer is thiopental. Thiopental is an ultra-short acting barbiturate.
Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues, including fat. Because sighthounds have very little fat,
they have prolonged recoveries and greater complications with these drugs.
A chicken operation has recently been ravaged by a respiratory disease affecting almost all of the
chickens in the flock. The chickens are coughing and sneezing and many have facial swelling. You
necropsied many of the chickens and found mucoid exudate in the bronchi, thickened air sacs, and in a
few of the chickens, interstitial nephritis was present. Which of these diseases is likely?
Infectious Bronchitis - answer✔The correct answer is infectious bronchitis. This is caused by a
coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and ingestion and usually affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs
and necropsy findings are as described in the question. The disease can be clinically indistinguishable
from mild forms of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus isolation is needed
to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. Blood work shows
P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L), total CO2= 12 (17-25 mmol/L). The remainder of the blood
work is within normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+ glucose. Which of the following is your most likely
differential diagnosis?
Pyometra
Fanconi syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Diabetes mellitus - answer✔The correct answer is Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome is an inherited
disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal tubular defects causing an abnormal loss of electrolytes
and solutes leading to hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely
because serum glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are not consistent with
pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the signalment describes a male.
The image shows an infarct in the liver discovered on post mortem exam of a mature beef cow which
died one hour before in a western mountain pasture, after being observed to appear normal one day
earlier. There is also dark red urine in the bladder. The pasture contains native plants, some pine trees,
and a marshy area with water plants. The cows are unvaccinated and were never wormed. Given this
history and the lesion found, the most likely cause of death is
Blue-green algae toxicity
Death camas toxicity
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Viral hepatitis
Pine needle poisoning - answer✔Also known as redwater, bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by
germination of Clostridium Novyi type D spores in the liver after anaerobic damage by migrating liver
fluke larvae. Cl. Novyi was formerly called Cl. hemolyticum. Vaccination can prevent this disease.
What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in a horse, as seen in the necropsy image below?
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