PSYC 228 EXAM NEWEST 70 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY A GRADED.
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PSYC 228
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PSYC 228
PSYC 228 EXAM NEWEST 70 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY A GRADED.
Describe gender identity and gender intensification. Summarize the definitional issues around sexual orientation. What are the factors that contribute to the self-identification of gay and lesbian youth? - ANSWER- During ado...
PSYC 228 EXAM NEWEST 70 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY A GRADED.
Describe gender identity and gender intensification. Summarize the definitional issues
around sexual orientation. What are the factors that contribute to the self-identification
of gay and lesbian youth? - ANSWER- During adolescence influences such as media,
peer relations, and parental role models can create flexible attitude towards gender
identity. A shift towards stereotypical, gender-specific behaviors is called gender
intensification. Gender identity results from social and environmental factors such as
parental modeling, socio-economic status, and family composition.
- Individuals have a lot of struggle with their self-definition. Approximately 11 percent of
high school students between ages 11 and 18 report that they are uncertain of their
sexual orientation. Because in order to define sexual orientation one should be able to
differentiate behaviors from thoughts and actually realize that sexual orientation doesn't
go in to dimensions.
- Multiple factors are contributed to label themselves as gay and lesbians such as :
1: Emergence of same- sex attraction and feelings or falling in love with someone of the
same sex .
2: Males were most likely than females to identify " casual and autonomous sex over an
extended period of time as a factor in their self-identification as gay.
3: Lack of interest in a different sex partner.
4: More than half identified as " contact with lesbians/gays as an important influence
suggested that positive role models reinforce self-acceptance.
2: Describe the changes in the brain in old age. How is this related to changes in mental
abilities? Describe the changes in the cardiovascular system in old age. Why are these
changes important? - ANSWERAfter 35 years of age there is a decrease in brain
volume, which accelerates in volume loss with age. Decreases in brain volumes at older
ages in correlated with reduced cognitive abilities and slower reaction times.
Relationship between brain size and mental abilities is still unclear. As volume loss may
have little to no bearing on function.
- The cardiovascular system declines with age. The changes are due to resting blood
,pressure, increase in cholesterol, and diminishing lungs capacity. As a person ages
there are more chances of strokes, heart attacks and atherosclerosis or hardening of
arteries. Aging is associated with less activity, and in turn the consequence is
cardiovascular disease or coronary artery disease as a person ages.
2: Describe the changes that start to occur in vision and hearing in midlife. What are the
practical implications of these changes for communication and social activities? -
ANSWERVisions wise: Presbyopia occurs in people where the inability to focus on
nearby objects increases. Presbyopia occurs in people who previously had excellent
,vision. As well as Myopia occurs where nearsightedness or ability to see close objects
but inability to see distant objects clearly.
- Hearing also starts declining in middle age but the process is very slow. Some people
still show excellent hearing even at the age of 70s or 80s. Hearing loss typically occurs
due to the impaired conduction in middle ear called conductive hearing loss or loss of
hair cells in middle ear called sensorineural hearing loss.
- Some hearing loss can be treated by specialist in ears and hearing. But according to
national institute of deafness many people chose not to get the hearing aids where they
could to help themselves. The factors for not getting them include convenience, extent
of hearing disability, expected benefits, and financial costs.
- Loss of hearing can damage a person's mental, emotional, educational and
occupational hopes. Especially in older adults it leads them into depression, social
isolation and frustration among other family members and friends.
2: Describe the process of conception and the three stages of prenatal development. Be
sure to include the terms zygote, morula, blastocyst, and the two patterns of cell
differentiation (cephalocaudal and proximodistal).
-Stages of parental development include: - ANSWER1: The germinal stage (0-2 weeks
preconception) : The single-celled zygote becomes a multi-celled blastocyst as it travels
down the fallopian stage. The germinal stage ends when the blastocyst implants in the
thick, nutrient- heavy lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.
2: Embryonic stage - 2-8 weeks post conceptions: During this period, organs, as well as
the support system for the developing organism, begin to develop. This is critical time in
prenatal development because organ formation can be highly vulnerable to outside
influences. Differentiation occurs in two characteristic ways. The first in Cephalocaudal
pattern: A pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the head through the base of
the spine. The second is proximodistal pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the
center from the spine through the limbs.
3: Fetal stage - 8 weeks post-conception (approximately 38 weeks post-conception):
The fetal stage is a time of rapid growth and increasing functionality. The fetus also
becomes increasingly active, with mothers first feeling total fetal movements, called
quickening around the four-month mark. Historically this was an important point id
gestation, leaving women a greater freedom of action to terminate suspected
pregnancies prior to quickening.
, 2: Describe the psychodynamic approach on human development. Compare and
contrast the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud with the psychosocial theory of
Erik Erikson. - ANSWER- Sigmung freud and his student Erickson introduced the
first psychodynamics theories and the idea that human growth and motivation
and progression are through universal and developmental stages it also stresses
early life experiences in shaping and determining adult personality and behavior.
- Levels of consciousness. Freud compared the mind to an iceberg. Only about
one tenth of our mind is conscious and rest of the mind is unconscious.
Unacceptable urges and desires are kept in our unconscious through a process
called repression. He thinks our personality develops from a conflict between two
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