Statistics Chapter 1 Exam Study Guide.
Parameter - answerA numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population
Statistic - answerA numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.
Quantitative Data - answerConsists of numbers representing counts or measurements....
Parameter - answer✔A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population
Statistic - answer✔A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.
Quantitative Data - answer✔Consists of numbers representing counts or measurements.
Qualitative (or categorical/attribute) Data - answer✔Can be separated into different categories
that are distinguished by some non-numerical characteristic.
Example:
Marital Status
Are you registered to vote?
Eye Color
(Defined categories or groups)
Discrete Data - answer✔Results when the number of possible values is either a finite number or
a "countable" number. (That is, the number of possible values is 0, 1, or 2, and so on)
Example:
In a classroom of 30 children ages range from 9-11.
What is the discrete data in this situation?
When there is a specific, whole number of something that is discrete. Therefore the amount of
children (30) is the discrete data.
Continuous (numerical) data - answer✔Result from infinitely many possible values that
correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions,
or jumps.
Example:
In a classroom of 30 children ages range from 9-11. What is the Continuous data in this
situation?
When there is a range of information it is Continuous. Therefore the age range: 9 to 11 is the
continuous data.
Levels of Measurement - answer✔nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
nominal level of measurement - answer✔characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or
categories only, and the data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high)
Ordinal level of measurement - answer✔Data are at the ordinal level of measurement if they
can be arranged in some order, but differences (obtained by subtraction) between data values
either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
Example: Consumer reports magazine rates products as, "Best Buy", "Recommended", and "Not
Recommended". This is an ordinal level of measurement because you can organize these
ratings as most and least recommended.
Interval level of measurement - answer✔The interval level of measurement is like the ordinal
level, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is
meaningful. However, data at this level do not have a natural zero starting point (where none
of the quantity is present).
Ratio Level of Measurement - answer✔The ratio level of measurement is like the interval level
with the additional property that there is also a natural zero starting point (where zero
indicates that none of the quantity is present). For values at this level, differences and ratios are
both meaningful.
Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. A sample of professors is
selected and it is found that 55 % own a vehicle.
A.) Statistic because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a
population.
B.) Parameter because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a
sample.
C.) Statistic because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a
sample.
D.) Parameter because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a
population. - answer✔Statistic because the value is a numerical measurement describing a
characteristic of a sample.
Determine whether the data described below are qualitative or quantitative and explain why.
The styles of shoes of clients entering a certain store (sneaker, boot, sandal, etc.)
A.) The data are qualitative because they don't measure or count anything.
B.) The data are quantitative because they consist of counts or measures.
C.) The data are qualitative because they consist of counts or measures.
D.) The data are quantitative because they don't measure or count anything. - answer✔The
data are qualitative because they don't measure or count anything.
State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why.
The numbers of children in families
A.) The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval.
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