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Montgomery College Anatomy and Physiology exam 2 Study Guide Solutions
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Montgomery College Anatomy and Physiology exam 2 Study Guide Solutions functions of blood - ANSWER-transportation: (Gases: O2 and CO2, Nutrients and wastes, Other: hormones, heat) regulation: (Blood pH: 7.35-7.45, Body temperature, Water content of cells) protection:(Clotting,Leukocytes: phag...

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  • November 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Montgomery College Anatomy and
Physiology exam 2 Study Guide
Solutions

functions of blood - ANSWER✔✔-transportation: (Gases: O2 and CO2, Nutrients and

wastes, Other: hormones, heat)


regulation: (Blood pH: 7.35-7.45, Body temperature, Water content of cells)


protection:(Clotting,Leukocytes: phagocytes, lymphocytes, Certain plasma proteins:

antibodies, interferons)


composition of blood - ANSWER✔✔-plasma 55%


red blood cells 45%


buffy coat composed of white blood cells and platelets (<1%)


plasma - ANSWER✔✔-Plasma is the liquid component of the blood and contains

dissolved substances and the formed elements.


composition of plasma - ANSWER✔✔-55% of blood volume


91.5% Water: solvent and suspending medium


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,8.5% Solutes: 7% plasma proteins + 1.5% other


Plasma proteins: Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen


Albumin: 54% of all plasma proteins, regulate blood osmotic pressure


Globulins: 38% of all plasma proteins, antibodies


Fibrinogen: 7% of all plasma proteins, clotting


Other solutes: gases, nutrients, electrolytes, etc


formed elements - ANSWER✔✔-45% of blood volume, include erythrocytes,

leukocytes, and platelets


Erythrocytes (RBCs): >99% of formed elements


Buffy coat (WBCs + platelets): <1% of formed elements


Leukocytes (WBCs): Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosiniphils, basophils


Platelets: cell fragments


Albumin - ANSWER✔✔-plasma protein


54% of all plasma proteins, regulate blood osmotic pressure


fibrinogen - ANSWER✔✔-plasma protein


7% of all plasma proteins, clotting




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, hematocript - ANSWER✔✔-measures the volume of whole blood made up of

erythrocytes


also called the "packed cell volume" (PCV)


reported as a % of total blood volume


normal ranges for hematocript - ANSWER✔✔-Males: 40-54%, Females: 38-46%


why is female hematocripts lower? - ANSWER✔✔-because women lose blood every

month


A significant drop in hematocrit indicates - ANSWER✔✔-Anemia: body does not have

enough healthy RBCs


A significant rise in hematocrit indicates - ANSWER✔✔-polycythemia


polycythemia - ANSWER✔✔-abnormally high number of RBCs


caused by abnormal increase in erythropoiesis from hypoxia, dehydration, doping


hemopoiesis - ANSWER✔✔-the production of the formed elements in the blood.


where formed elements are formed (homeopoiesis) - ANSWER✔✔-Occurs in the red

bone marrow of bones of the axial skeleton, pectoral + pelvic girdles, and proximal

epiphyses of humerus + femur.


order of formed elements development - ANSWER✔✔-Pluripotent stem cells develop

into
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