/.properties of all muscle types - Answer-- excitability
- contractility
- extensibility
- elasticity
/.excitability - Answer-- the muscle has the ability to respond to a stimulus
- stimulus is a nervous/electrical impulse
- no muscle will excite unless it is told to do so
/.contractility - Answer-- when muscle is excited/stimulated, it contracts
- the response to the stimulus
- during contraction muscles shorten and thicken
/.extensibility - Answer-- the ability to stretch beyond regular position
- the triceps extend/stretch/lengthen when the biceps contract
/.elasticity - Answer-- the ability to return to its original position so it can contract and
lengthen over and over again
,/.what are the functions of muscle - Answer-- motion
- maintenance of posture
- stabilization of joints
- heat production
/.motion
- functions of muscle - Answer-- al muscles create motion when contraction happens
- skeletal muscle contraction causes the bones to move, and that type of motion is
called locomotion or body movement
- cardiac muscle contracts and causes the heart to change shape and pump blood
through our body
- smooth muscle is used in contraction in our digestive tract results in food
digestion/peristalsis
/.maintenance of posture
- functions of muscle - Answer--contraction of skeletal muscle keeps us upright to fight
the downward pull of gravity
/.stabilizing joints
- functions of muscle - Answer-- muscle tone of joints help to stabilize
- the partial contraction helps prevent unwanted movements
/.heat production
- functions of muscle - Answer-- no matter what muscle is contracting, heat is a
byproduct
- helps regulate our body temp
- shivering, hair standing up
/.why are muscles identified as organs - Answer-- because it is two or more tissues
functioning together to perform a function
/.components of skeletal muscle - Answer-- skeletal muscle fibers (the muscle tissue
classified by the three criteria used to classify muscles)
- blood vessels
- nerve fibers
-connective tissue (muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves are wrapped in CT in
skeletal muscles)
,/.muscle
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- we can see with the naked eye
- consists of 100s to 1000s of individual muscle cells
- considered an organ
/.attachment
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- the thing that connects the muscle to the
bone
- typically a tendon
- made of dense irregular connective tissue
- basically an extension of the periosteum/perichondrium
- direct and indirect attachments
/.epimysium
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- the dense irregular connective tissue
extension from the tendon that surrounds the whole muscle
- basically an extension of the periosteum
/.fascicle
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- a compartmentalized segment of the
muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue wrappers
- bundle of muscle fibers
- several together make up the muscle
/.perimysium
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- dense irregular connective tissue that
surrounds/covers the fascicle
/.muscle fiber
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- each individual cell contained within a
fascicle
- also called muscle cell and myofiber
/.endomysium
-gross anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- reticular connective tissue sheath that
covers the muscle fiber/cell/myofiber
- the mesh that reticular connective tissue forms into can move during contraction that
dense irregular connective tissue would not be able to do
/.origin - Answer-- the attachment point of muscle to the immovable/stationary bone
/.insertion - Answer-- the attachment point of muscle to the movable bone
/.everything in between the origin and the insertion is the - Answer-belly of the muscle
- also called gaster of the muscle
, - the "meaty" part
/.the origin is usually ___ to the insertion - Answer-proximal
/.direct muscle attachment - Answer-- when the muscle fibers themselves are attached
to bone or cartilage
/.indirect muscle attachment - Answer--connective tissue attaches to the bone, not the
muscle itself
- tendon
- aponeurosis
/.tendon - Answer-- indirect muscle attachment
- when the connective tissue extends like a rope off the muscle to attach to a bone
/.aponeurosis - Answer-- indirect muscle attachment
- when the connective tissue extends like a sheet
/.myofiber
-microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- the individual muscle cells/ fibers
- run the entire length of the muscle
- as an embryo, the multiple cells run the length of the muscle (eventually the cells fuse
together to make long muscle fibers)
/.sarcolemma
-microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- the plasma membrane of muscle
cells
/.sarcoplasm
-microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle - Answer-- the cytoplasm of muscle cells
/.cytoplasmic inclusions of sarcoplasm in skeletal mucle - Answer-- myoglobin: stores
oxygen to allow aerobic respiration to occur (this is a pigment). oxygen is the final
electron acceptor so it is important. Used in ATP production
- glycosomes: muscles store their own carbohydrates for energy (glucose); because
muscle contraction uses energy
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