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Blood Transfusion Therapy & Reactions Exam Questions and Answers What is the critical time-frame for monitoring for transfusion reactions? - ANSWER- 15 minutes after initiating the transfusion. Types of blood products available for transfusion (7) - ANSWER-1. Whole Blood 2. Packed Red Blood Ce...

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  • November 12, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
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Blood Transfusion Therapy & Reactions
Exam Questions and Answers

What is the critical time-frame for monitoring for transfusion reactions? - ANSWER✔✔-

15 minutes after initiating the transfusion.


Types of blood products available for transfusion (7) - ANSWER✔✔-1. Whole Blood


2. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)


3. Platelets


4. Albumin (5% or 25%)


5. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)


6. Cryoprecipitate


7. IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulins)


Reasons for blood transfusions (4) - ANSWER✔✔-1. Restore circulating blood volume

(hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, hypovolemic shock, burns)


2. Correct RBC deficiency and improve oxygen carrying capacity of the blood


3. Maintain blood's clotting ability (e.g. patients with bone marrow suppression)



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,4. Provide selected blood components as replacement therapy (e.g. clotting factors,

platelets)


Main components of blood (4) - ANSWER✔✔-1. Plasma


2. Red Blood Cells


3. White Blood Cells


4. Platelets


Whole Blood - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- Treatment of acute massive hemorrhage.


- Treatment of patients with active bleeding that have lost more than 25% of their total

blood volume.


- Patients symptomatic for oxygen-carrying deficit capacity AND hypovolemia

associated with shock.


- Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperatively and during the first six

hours postoperatively.


Packed RBCs - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- Improve oxygen-carrying capacity.


- Useful as a volume expander after acute blood loss


- Symptomatic anemia.


- Congestive heart failure


- When hemoglobin is less than 80 mmol/L
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, Platelets - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- Severe micro-vascular bleeding occurs e.g. DIC

(disseminated intravascular coagulation).


- For patients with platelet count of less than 10,000 to 20,000/mm3.


- Patients with platelet count of less than 50,000/mm3 who are bleeding.


Albumin - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- 5% solution used for volume expander,

hypovolemic shock & hypo-proteinemia.


- 25% solution used for severe burns and low albumin levels.


Fresh Frozen Plasma - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- Contains all clotting factors except

platelets and is frozen to preserve factor V and VIII.


- Active bleeding.


- Replacement of plasma coagulation factors when simultaneously blood volume

expansion is required.


- Also has antibodies: helps fighting infection


- Can be used to revert the effects of Warfarin before surgery.


Cryoprecipitate - Indications - ANSWER✔✔-- Obtained from FFP after slow thawing.


- Decreases microvascular bleeding during surgical procedures.


- Used as alternative to FFP, when factors needed but not volume.


- Given to increase fibrinogen level.
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