respiratory alkalosis causes - answer✔• Primary stimulation of CNS: hyperventilation. Can be due to
emotional origin (anxiety, fear, apprehension), CNS infection (encephalitis), or salicylate poisoning.
Acute Bronchitis patho - answer✔infection or inflammation of the bronchi. In more than 90% of
individuals, this is a self-limiting disorder caused by viruses.
will not have high fevers and will have only scattered coarse wheezes on examination without evidence
of pulmonary consolidation.
Chest X-ray examination is usually normal.
Chronic Bronchitis patho sequence - answer✔The chronic bronchitis pathophysiologic sequence of
events is as follows:
Hypersecretion of bronchial mucus, which leads to
Recurrent respiratory infections, which lead to
Airway inflammation, which leads to
Bronchospasm and irreversible airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis patho - answer✔characterized by chronic inflammation with recruitment of
neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the lung, with progressive damage to airways and the
lung parenchyma.
hyperplasia of the mucus-producing goblet cells of the bronchial epithelium occurs, resulting in the
production of large amounts of mucus in the airways.
Mucus accumulation facilitates the colonization and growth of bacteria, which further contributes to
airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and eventual scarring.
Narrowed airways cause v/q mismatching and expiratory airway obstruction with air trapping, resulting
in both hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
CAD risk factors pathological - answer✔Major:
Advanced age
Gender (men > women before age 55, women > men after age 55)
Dyslipidemia
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