Hierarchy of risk controls in process safety management - ️️Inherent safety.
Elimination (including minimised inventories).
Substitution.
Engineering controls (including segregation and spacing of process plant).
Administrative controls (procedural/behavioural).
Five Steps for Risk Assessm...
NEBOSH HSE PSM
Hierarchy of risk controls in process safety management - ✔️✔️Inherent safety.
Elimination (including minimised inventories).
Substitution.
Engineering controls (including segregation and spacing of process plant).
Administrative controls (procedural/behavioural).
Five Steps for Risk Assessment - ✔️✔️Step 1: Identify the hazards.
Step 2: Identify the people who might be harmed and how.
Step 3: Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
Step 4: Record the significant findings.
Step 5: Review and update as necessary.
Sources of Process Safety Management information: - ✔️✔️Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Process design criteria.
Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)
Standard Operating procedures (SOPs) setting safe limits, such as for temperatures,
pressures, flows, compositions and levels as well as evaluation of the effects.
Inspection, audit and investigation reports.
Maintenance records.
Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&Ids).
Process Control Systems, including software integrity.
Relief system designs.
Fire detection and protection plans.
Management Of Change - MOC - ✔️✔️MOC is a management control approach to
make sure that proposed changes are properly assessed and authorized.
Management Of Change - MOC - Requirements: - ✔️✔️Hazard and Risk Analysis.
Process for all changes to be authorized.
Changes documented.
Consult and inform.
Training.
Definition of Process Safety Management - ✔️✔️A blend of engineering and
management skills focused on preventing catastrophic accidents and near misses,
particularly structural collapse, explosions, fires and toxic releases associated with loss
of containment of energy or dangerous substances such as chemicals and petroleum
products.
, Workers Consultation - ✔️✔️The two-way exchange of information between parties. In
this case, between employer and worker.
Definition of Competence - ✔️✔️A combination of practical and thinking skills,
experience and knowledge.
Elements of a Process Safety Management System - ✔️✔️Element 1: Strong
Leadership.
Element 2: Hazard Analysis.
Element 3: Management Of Change.
Element 4: Operation within design intent.
Element 5: Competence management. (Training).
Element 6: Control of Contractors.
Element 7: Asset Integrity.
Element 8: Emergency Response.
Element 9: Process Safety Incident Investigations.
Element 10: Performance Monitoting and Auditing.
Leading Indicators - ✔️✔️Proactive measurements of conditions that monitor process
safety before something goes wrong and to see if things are operating as intended.
Lagging Indicators - ✔️✔️Reactive measures that took at failures, such as the number
of injuries, the number of near misses and the number of spills that are reported, or
excursions where plant is operated outside the intended operational envelope.
Risk Assessment Techniques - ✔️✔️5 WHs: What, Where, When, How, Why.
Bow Tie Model.
Hazard and operability study (HAZOP).
Hazard Identification (HAZID).
Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA).
Even Tree Analysis (ETA).
What If.
Asset Integrity - ✔️✔️The ability of the equipment or asset to operate as intended
effectively and efficiently over its entire lifespan while ensuring the health and safety of
those exposed to it, including the environment.
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