PHAR 100 Final Exam from Jud Study
Guide.
Codeine - answer0.5% opium
Pain relief
Morphine - answer10% opium
Immense pain reliever
Gold standard drug
Curare - answerIndigenous people dipped arrows, causing paralysis to animals
Paul Enrlich (father of chemo)
Gerhard Domagk
Alexander Fleming...
Morphine - answer✔10% opium
Immense pain reliever
Gold standard drug
Curare - answer✔Indigenous people dipped arrows, causing paralysis to animals
Paul Enrlich (father of chemo)
Gerhard Domagk
Alexander Fleming
Selman Waksman
Dose-Response Relationship - answer✔Intensity is proportional to dosage
Low dose = little response; not enough receptors activated
Threshold dose = enough receptors activated to elicit response
Past threshold = small increments in dose lead to increasing intensity in response
Max effect = maximal response; once you increase the dose past maximum there is no increase
in response
ED 50 - answer✔Dose that results in 50% of the maximum effect
Dose that is effective in 50% of the population
Efficacy - answer✔The maximum response that can be produced by a drug
Potency - answer✔The strength of the drug
The amount that must be given in order to get a certain response
Therapeutic Range - answer✔The dose of a drug that keeps blood concentrations above the
minimum needed for a response but below the toxic response concentration
In between ineffective and toxic
Bioavailability - answer✔The fraction of the administered drug that enters the bloodstream (i.e.
100% for IV administration)
Absorption - answer✔Movement of a drug from site of administration to the blood
Distribution/Redistribution - answer✔Movement of a drug from blood to the site of action (i.e.
tissue)
Metabolism/Biotransformation - answer✔Conversion of a drug to a different chemical
compound; occurs mainly in the liver
Excretion - answer✔Moving a drug and its metabolites out of the body
Half Life - answer✔Time needed for the liver and kidney to remove half of the drug from the
body
Therapeutic Index (TI) - answer✔= TD50/ED50
Higher TI = Safer Drug
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