PHAR 100 Final Exam Study Guide.
Path of drug from when it enters to exits the body - answer1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - answerthe movement of the drug from the site of administration into the
bloodstream
Distribution - answerthe movement of a drug fr...
Why and how do adverse drug reactions occur? - answer✔Example: a receptor is activated in a
blood vessel by a drug designed to treat hypertension. The rector is activated by the ligand that
is bound to it, and the blood pressure is lowered. However, this receptor may located in other
areas of the body. The subsequent activation of this receptor in other areas of the body is an
example of an adverse effect.
Adverse effects - answer✔1. Extension of therapeutic effect
2. Unrelated to main drug action
3. Allergic reaction
4. Dependence and addiction
5. Teratogenesis
6. Adverse biotransformation reactions
Why does drug variability exist - answer✔1. Genetic Factors
2. Environmental factors
3. Diseased states (cardiovascular or kidney disease for example)
4. Altered Physiological state
-pregnant or elderly
5. Other drugs present (competition)
The process of developing a new drug - answer✔1. Pre-clinical testing
-safety and potential efficacy in lab animals
2. Phase I Clinical Trial
-safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers
3. Phase II
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