Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
Pathophysiology
Institution
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? - answerIntravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? - answer42
...
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? - answer✔Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? - answer✔42
L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk
for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - answer✔decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the
capillaries? A patient with: - answer✔liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by: - answer✔osmotic
forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which
of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? -
answer✔Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water
balance is closely related to _____ balance. - answer✔Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is
the most likely cause of this condition? - answer✔Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: - answer✔localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the
nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - answer✔increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?
Secretion of aldosterone results in: - answer✔increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which
finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? - answer✔Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient
asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: - answer✔Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers
a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? -
answer✔Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient
with: - answer✔dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - answer✔A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - answer✔Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to
occur? - answer✔decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority? Hyperkalemia
causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. -
answer✔increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with: -
answer✔Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? -
answer✔Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium
deficits? - answer✔kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and
cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following
could be the cause of her condition? - answer✔Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could
have caused his condition? - answer✔acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the
nurse expect to observe? - answer✔oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? -
answer✔carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is
accomplished by the: - answer✔lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio
of: - answer✔20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - answer✔Excessive loss of
chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with: - answer✔renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
answer✔hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - answer✔pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness
of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: - answer✔respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: -
answer✔Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion,
and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly
decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - answer✔Respiratory
alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides. Which organ is
the priority assessment? - answer✔heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) - answer✔-Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to
demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.) - answer✔-Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in the
lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider describing? - answer✔antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the blood are: -
answer✔erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample, which
type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage? - answer✔neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm
and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils - answer✔eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse remember?
The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the: - answer✔neutrophil
A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which statement indicates the
patient has a good understanding? _______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive
amines.
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