D311: Microbiology with Lab: A Fundamental Approach Lesson Quizzes and Section Test 204/2025
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Course
D311 (D311)
Institution
Abacus College, Oxford
D311: Microbiology with Lab: A Fundamental Approach Lesson Quizzes and Section Test 204/2025/D311: Microbiology with Lab: A Fundamental Approach Lesson Quizzes and Section Test 204/2025
D311: Microbiology with Lab: A Fundamental Approach Lesson Quizzes and Section Test
Section 1 Lesson 1 Quiz
1. Which statement describes prokaryotic cells?
a. Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
Prokaryotic cells can be found as single, pairs, clusters, and chains of cocci.
b. Prokaryotic cells have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome located in a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotic cells have
multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.
c. Prokaryotic cells are found in chains of rods but not single rods.
Prokaryotic cells can be found in both single rods and chains of rods.
d. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Eukaryotic cells have nuclei
that are surrounded by complex membranes.
2. Which statement describes eukaryotic cells?
a. The exoskeletons of eukaryotic cells maintain and support the cells' shapes.
The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells are internal networks that support transport of intracellular components
and help maintain cell shape.
b. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear membranes.
Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of nuclei surrounded by complex nuclear membranes.
c. The genomes of eukaryotic cells are usually packaged in single circular chromosomes.
The genomes of eukaryotic cells are packaged in multiple rod-shaped chromosomes as opposed to the single
circular-shaped chromosomes that characterize most prokaryotic cells.
d. The organelles of eukaryotic cells are held in place by semipermeable exoskeletons.
Eukaryotic cells' organelles—such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
and peroxisomes—are held in place by the cytoskeleton.
3. Which statement describes eukaryotic flagella?
a. Eukaryotic flagella can cover the entire surface of a cell.
While there can be multiple flagella, it is cilia that can cover the entire surface of a cell.
b. Eukaryotic flagella are rotating structures.
Prokaryotic flagella are stiff, rotating structures, whereas eukaryotic flagella are flexible.
c. Eukaryotic flagella have twelve pairs of microtubules.
Eukaryotic flagella contain nine parallel pairs of microtubules surrounding a central pair of microtubules.
d. Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.
A eukaryotic flagellum is like a flexible whip.
,4. Which statement describes the endomembrane system?
a. It is attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and makes proteins for insertion into the cell membrane.
Membrane-bound ribosomes are found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and make proteins for
insertion into the cell membrane or proteins destined for export from the cell.
b. It includes the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.
The endomembrane system comprises several organelles and connections between them, including the
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.
c. It is a system that uses diffusion to transport materials inside of the cell.
Eukaryotic cells require the endomembrane system to transport materials both inside and outside of the cell
that cannot be dispersed by diffusion alone.
d. It lacks membrane-bound organelles.
The comparatively larger size of eukaryotic cells dictates the need to compartmentalize various chemical
processes within different areas of the cell using complex membrane-bound organelles.
Section 1 Lesson 2 Quiz
1. Which statement accurately describes similarities between protozoa and fungi?
a. Both perform chemosynthesis.
Protozoa and fungi do not perform chemosynthesis
b. Both can be harmful or harmless depending on the context.
Both protozoa and fungi can be beneficial to humans, or they can have harmful properties that
negatively affect the heath of human hosts.
c. Both are made of long filaments that form visible colonies.
Molds are a type of fungi that are made of long filaments forming visible colonies. Protozoans do not
share this characteristic.
d. Both move with help from cilia and flagella.
Protozoa move with help from hair-like structures called cilia or whip-like structures called flagella. Fungi
do not share this characteristic.
2. Why are algae considered photosynthetic organisms?
a. Algae cell walls are constructed with a material called peptidoglycan.
Algae have cell walls that are constructed of cellulose, not peptidoglycan, but this does not give them
photosynthetic characteristics.
b. Algae contain substances that can be converted into biofuels.
While algae contain substances that can be converted to make biofuels, this does not define their
photosynthetic characteristics.
c. Algae produce chemical energy from the sun's light energy.
Algae are photosynthetic because they contain chloroplasts where light energy is converted into
chemical energy.
d. Algae create waste products that other organisms can use to make energy.
While other organisms can use waste from algae to make their energy, this does not provide them with
photosynthetic characteristics.
3. Why are plasmids important to the survival of organisms?
, a. Plasmids exclusively contain the genes responsible for cellular replication in bacteria.
Plasmids are not usually responsible for cellular replication, although they do replicate themselves
within the cell.
b. Plasmids can store excess nutrients in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Prokaryotic cells can store excess nutrients within cytoplasmic structures called inclusions, which is
advantageous because it reduces the buildup of osmotic pressure in the cell; plasmids are not involved in
this function.
c. Plasmids protect the bacterial genome in a dormant state during unfavorable environmental conditions.
Bacterial cells are generally observed as vegetative cells, but some can form endospores, which protect
the bacterial genome in a dormant state when environmental conditions are unfavorable.
d. Plasmids carry genetic material, apart from the genome, that can benefit the organism.
Plasmid—which are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules—often carry genes that confer
advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance; thus, they are important to the survival of the
organism.
4. Which statement describes bacteria?
a. Some bacteria are eukaryotes.
Bacteria are prokaryotic because their genetic material (DNA) is not housed within a true nucleus.
b. Some bacteria have cell walls composed of mycolic acid.
Mycolic acid is found in the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria.
c. Some bacteria are motile by cilia.
Cilia are not found in bacteria.
d. Some bacteria have cell walls composed of chitin.
Chitin cell walls are found in fungi.
Section 1 Lesson 3 Quiz
1. Which aspect of nutrient cycling is performed only by prokaryotes?
a. Respiration process
Many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are capable of respiration.
b. Carbon fixation
Some eukaryotic cells are also capable of carbon fixation.
c. Nitrate assimilation
Some eukaryotic cells are also capable of nitrate assimilation.
d. Nitrogen fixation
Prokaryotes are responsible for nitrogen fixation. The enzyme nitrogenase promotes nitrogen reduction,
which is found only in prokaryotes.
2. Which microbial process is useful in the production of alcoholic beverages?
a. Glucose fermentation
One form of glucose fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.
b. Gelatin hydrolysis
Gelatin hydrolysis is not used in the production of alcoholic beverages.
c. Cysteine desulfuration
Cysteine desulfuration is not used in the production of alcoholic beverages.
d. Lysine decarboxylation
Lysine decarboxylation is not used in the production of alcoholic beverages.
3. How does microbial bioremediation benefit the environment?
, a. By helping to minimize the growth of pathogens in different parts of the body
Lactic acid bacteria, through fermentation processes, help lower the pH of environments in the body,
inhibiting the growth of pathogens.
b. By helping to metabolize and remove pollutants in the atmosphere
Microbial bioremediation leverages microbial metabolism to remove xenobiotics and other pollutants
synthesized by humans and introduced into the environment in much higher concentrations than would
naturally occur.
c. By producing complex organic pharmaceutical compounds used in antibiotics, vaccines, and vitamins
Complex organic pharmaceutical compounds used in antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), vaccines, and vitamins
are produced through mixed acid fermentation.
d. By producing gases, such as carbon dioxide, which are used to make biofuels
Many types of fermentation, including homolactic fermentation, produce gases such as carbon dioxide
and hydrogen that can be used to make biofuels.
4. How is penicillin classified?
a. As a natural antibiotic
Penicillin, which is found in mold, is the first natural antibiotic and is used to treat various bacterial
infections.
b. As a semisynthetic antimicrobial
A semisynthetic antimicrobial is a chemically modified derivative of a natural antibiotic, generally
designed to increase the range of bacteria targeted, increase stability, decrease toxicity, or enhance the
pathways for treating infections.
c. As a synthetic microbial
A synthetic antimicrobial is a drug that is developed from an artificial chemical. This class of drugs
includes the quinolines and oxazolidinones.
d. As a synthetic antibiotic
Synthetic antibiotics are a new class of drugs that are created artificially.
Section 1 Lesson 4 Quiz
1. What describes the relationship of pathogens to virulence?
a. Highly virulent pathogens almost always lead to a disease state when introduced to the body.
Highly virulent pathogens will almost always lead to a disease state when introduced to the body, and
some may even cause multi-organ and body system failure in healthy individuals.
b. Pathogens that cause an infection cannot also be virulent.
Both pathogenicity and virulence are positively correlated with causing infection or disease.
c. Highly virulent pathogens are highly susceptible to the human immune system.
Virulence describes the ability of a pathogen to create damage to its host, making virulent human
pathogens relatively resistant to the human immune system.
d. Less virulent pathogens are less likely to lead to an infection.
Less virulent pathogens will likely cause an initial infection, even if they do not lead to severe illness.
2. What is the key difference between a primary pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen?
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