Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam Questions And Answers 100% Pass
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Course
Portage Microbiology
Institution
Portage Microbiology
Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Pass
Virus - answernon-cellular, non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate
intracellular parasites.
Virus components - answer1. Genomic material
2. Capsid
Capsid - answermembrane-like protein structure cont...
Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Pass
Virus - answer✔non-cellular, non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate
intracellular parasites.
Virus components - answer✔1. Genomic material
2. Capsid
Capsid - answer✔membrane-like protein structure containing the virus's genetic material
(similar to a cell's nucleus)
Envelope - answer✔an additional outer membrane surrounding the capsid, derived from the
host cell's plasma membrane taken as virus "buds" from host cell. Found in a majority of animal
viruses.
Naked virus - answer✔non-enveloped; host cell bursts as virus lyses from cell. Majority of
bacteriophages.
Paramyxovirus - answer✔Enveloped, 100-150 nm diameter, spherical. Single stranded linear
genome fuses with the host cell membrane to initiate entry and replication. (Measles and
mumps)
Orthomyxovirus - answer✔Similar to paramyxovirus but contains eight segments of RNA and
enters the host via endocytosis (influenza)
Number of viruses known to infect mammals - answer✔5,000
Number of viruses known to infect humans - answer✔220
Estimated number of uncharacterized viruses - answer✔300,000
Virion - answer✔a single virus particle with a capsid and genetic material
Viral spikes - answer✔glycoprotein extensions that identify and bind to host cell proteins. Can
be changed by mutating genomes
Purpose of viral genome - answer✔To encode proteins necessary for capsomere, spikes, and
enzymes for replication
DNA viral genome - answer✔-Can be circular or linear
-Often double stranded
-May be single stranded
RNA viral genome - answer✔-Can be linear or segmented
-Often single stranded
-May be double stranded
Human genome size - answer✔3 billion base pairs; 25,000 genes
Viral genome size - answer✔7700-2.5 million base pairs; 300 genes
Central dogma of biology - answer✔DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by
ribosomes into making proteins
Protein encoding for double-stranded viral DNA - answer✔Same as for cells; DNA--
>transcription-->mRNA-->protein
Protein encoding for single-stranded viral DNA - answer✔Complementary DNA is built--
>transcription-->mRNA-->protein
Protein encoding for ssRNA+ viruses - answer✔mRNA-like genome is immediately ready for
translation. (polio, rubella, West Nile encephalitis)
Protein encoding for ssRNA- viruses - answer✔Genome is complementary to mRNA.
Transcription by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases-->mRNA-->proteins (influenza, measles,
ebola, rabies)
Protein encoding for retroviruses - answer✔mRNA-like genome is converted to DNA form by
reverse transcriptase--->DNA is inserted in host cell's genome-->transcription-->mRNA--
>protein (HIV)
Protein encoding for dsRNA viruses - answer✔Double-stranded RNA is unwound by RNA-
dependent RNA polymerase to single-stranded mRNA-->protein
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