Exam (elaborations)
5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
- Course
- Institution
5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAMList some of the key ideas and goals of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). -
ANSWERS--definition: an *ecological* approach to pest mgmt that combines *all
available necessary techniques* into a *unified program*. The goal is to
*manage* pest populations in a way that *avoids pest damage* and *minimizes
adverse side effects*.
-ecological - takes pest&envt interactions into account
-all available techniques - considers chemical and nonchemical techniques applied
only when necessary
-unified approach - integrates all beneficial control measures
-manages/avoids pest damage - manages pest populations, prevention and
control to avoid damage
-minimize adverse side effects - include killing nontarget organisms to harming
humans and/or envt
List some of the benefits of IPM. - ANSWERS--*IPM helps preserve a balanced
ecosystem* (reduce harm to nontarget beneficial organisms that balance
ecosystem and control other pests)
-*pesticides can be ineffective* (pesticide resistance or having chem not hit plant)
-*IPM can save money* (prevent envtl damage, loss of nontarget species, pest
damage, extra pesticide cost)
-*IPM promotes a healthy environment* (reduce envtl impact, less disposal)
,-*IPM helps maintain a good public image* (requested and sometimes mandated
in many areas of society especially in schools)
Describe when in a plant's life cycle it is best to apply chemical controls and why. -
ANSWERS--herbicides more effective on young, vigorously growing plants
-absorb nutrients/water/herbicides faster
-young = less plant material = easier to get toxic dose to plant = less risk of low DO
-less susceptible once mature and gone to seed (seeds = more dispersal)
Explain how to prevent significant oxygen depletion when using aquatic
herbicides. - ANSWERS--treating younger plants as water is cooler earlier in
season and less OM result in less decrease in DO
List factors that affect the performance of aquatic herbicides. - ANSWERS--water
use when should be restricted (sediment binding to herbicides can stop them
from entering plants; swimmers or boaters could stir up sediment)
-water temp (herbicides require specific water temp to be effective; don't apply
when temp is below 60F as plants are less active and don't take up as much)
-lack of sunlight if treatment requires actively growing plants
Explain why one herbicide application is sometimes not enough to manage
nuisance aquatic plants. - ANSWERS--most aquatic herbicides are contact
treatments with low persistence and don't stop seed or vegetative reproduction
(esp. algae)
-regrowth may need re-treated
,-second treatments targeted at different pests may be needed when a new weed
problem emerges after one species is controlled
Describe the characteristics of the pesticide rotenone. - ANSWERS--restricted-use
pesticide
-WI may only use liquid emulsifiable formulation
-fish kills occur faster (higher rate of mortality) in warmer waters
-is absorbed by veg, algae, and suspended solids, reducing effectiveness (esp. for
carp and bullhead)
-natural detoxification 2-8 weeks in summer, 3-4 months in ice-covered water
-high alkalinity, water temp, turbidity, light, and DO speed detox
Outline the factors that determine the best time for a chemical treatment for fish.
- ANSWERS--lowest h2o levels usually in midsummer/winter
-dispersion of chemicals easiest during turnover
-many fish species congregate or have predictable movement patterns during
some seasons or during changes in water level/temp
-lower water temp = longer period of chem toxicity
-dense veg can hinder chemical dispersion and cause pH fluctuations. high temp
and pH reduce toxicity period and require higher rotenone concentrations
-thick ice may reduce volume of water to be treated, reducing cost; however, it
prevents observations of treatment progress and effectiveness
-public use of many waters is minimal in fall so dead fish removal may not be as
critical at this time, esp. away from residential areas
, Explain use limitations of a water body following a piscicide application. -
ANSWERS--don't let livestock drink water esp. during and immediately following
treatment
-treated water shouldn't be used for stock watering or crop irrigation until
detoxified
-swimming immediately after treatment discouraged
-eating fish killed by pesticides is discouraged
Describe how you would apply piscicide to lakes, streams, and inaccessible areas.
- ANSWERS--*small or inaccessible areas*: backpack sprayers good for treating
shorelines w/ thick vegetation
-*lakes*: depends on lake size and pesticide used; small/moderate lakes usually
disperse pesticides from boat using a boat bailer or pump; pump is good for
shallow/weedy areas or to pump into very deep areas; keep outboard propellers
away from shallow water to not cause turbidity
-*streams*: applied using drip barrels or other devices; drip barrels calibrated to
release chem over period of ~8 hours; hose/valve placed in bung of drum to let
pesticide flow out; place drip stations no more than 6 hour flow away from each
other; downstream stations add just enough pesticide to reach original pesticide
concentration in treated water to compensate for dilution effects and natural
detox in between stations; treat only waters with target species; terminus of
project ideally should be a pond drained as low as possible to store treated water
Describe some characteristics of detoxification techniques for fish control. -
ANSWERS--potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chlorine bleach - administered
with drip barrels, oxidizing agent accelerates detox
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Teacher101. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now