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Nau Bio 202 Exam 4 Rometo- Questions & Solutions
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Nau Bio 202 Exam 4 Rometo- Questions & Solutions
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Nau Bio 202 Exam 4 Rometo- Questions &Solutions
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Correct Ans-volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys per
minute
Avg. 115 ml/min (women); 125 ml/min (men)
Most filtered water MUST be reabsorbed or we die(water loss)
Directly proportional to:
Net filtration pressure
Total surface area available for filtration
Filtration membrane permeability
reabsorption and secretion Correct Ans-Return to filtered molecules back into blood; water
follows by osmosis 6% resting calories
Active: Requires ATP
Passive: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
400 ml/day urine to excrete metabolic wastes
1-2 l urine excreted 24 hours
180 l/ day ultrafiltrate produced
Solute and Water Reabsorption Correct Ans-Total plasma vol filtered every 22 minutes
Reabsorb or die
,Gets solutes and water from filtrate thru apical membrane, thru cell(trans cellular and Para
cellular), thru basolateral membrane, thru ISF, endothelium, into blood
Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule Correct Ans-1. Solute molecules, such as
amino acids, glucose, and fructose, as well as Na, K, Ca, HCO3, and Cl are reabsorbed by active
transport and cotransport out of the proximal convoluted tubule by the epithelial cells.
2. Solutes plus 65% of the filtrate volume are reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule
and enter the peritubular capillary
3. Water moves by osmosis out of the proximal convoluted tubule
Glucose transporters overwhelmed Correct Ans-Normoglycemia: Normal urine volume,
glucose free
Hyperglycemia: increased urine volume, with glycosuria
Reabsorption in DCT and CD Correct Ans-Fine tuners of filtrate and vary with body's needs
Use hormones
Effects of ADH on kidneys Correct Ans-Anti diuretic hormone important in h2o conservation
CD impermeable to salt in medulla
CD permeability to h2o depends on ADH levels
Stimulates aquaporin (water channels)
, ADH steps Correct Ans-1. Dehydrated: release ADH from post pituitary
2. ADH stimulates insertion of aquaporins into CD membrane
3. ADH high, h2o drawn out of CD by high osmolarity of ISF and reabsorbed by VR
Effects of aldosterone on kidneys Correct Ans-Targets principal cells of CD and DCT and
causes
Synthesize and retain apical Na/K channels
Synthesize basolateral Na/K ATPases
Reabsorb more Na and water and increases BP and blood vol.
Effects of ANP Correct Ans-Expanded blood vol detected by stretch receptors in left atrium
and causes release of ANP
Inhibits aldosterone
Promotes salt and water excretion
Lowers blood vol
Endogenous Diuretic
micturition Correct Ans-urination, emptying the bladder
Detrusor muscle contracts involuntary smooth muscle
Internal urethral sphincter opens
External urethral sphincter opens voluntary skeletal muscle
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