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IHD - ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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IHD - ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE TEST QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Ischemic Heart Disease - ANSWER when a coronary occlusion slows or
blocks the blood supply, the demand placed on the heart exceeds the supply,
and the myocardium that is fed by the artery progresses through stages
Ischemia - ANSWER an inadequate supply of blood to the heart, caused by a
partial or total blockage of a coronary artery
Injury - ANSWER Myocardial cell injury occurs when the ischemic process is
more severe
Infarction - ANSWER necrosis or death of myocardial cells
Myocardial infarction (MI) - ANSWER development of ischemia and necrosis
of myocardial tissue due to sudden decrease or blockage in coronary perfusion;
may be silent; may result in new murmur; sudden death possible
Leading cause of death in the United States - ANSWER MI
Angina pectoris - ANSWER CP due to myocardial ischemia
Stable angina pectoris - ANSWER effort-induced CP, last seconds to minutes,
relieved by rest or NTG
Unstable angina pectoris - ANSWER lasts longer, occurs more frequently, is
not necessarily due to effort, NTG may provide temporary relief
Variant angina aka - ANSWER prinzmetal's angina
Variant angina - ANSWER occurs at rest, early hours of the morning, often
associated with ST segment elevation on the EKG, may be due to coronary
artery spasm
Causes of ischemic heart disease - ANSWER atherosclerosis, coronary artery
spasm, embolus, congenital coronary anomalies
, Risk factors or ischemic heart disease - ANSWER advancing age, family
history, DM, smoking, HTN, high cholesterol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle,
stress, overconsumption of alcohol
Complications of ischemic heart disease - ANSWER pericarditis, pericardial
effusion, aneurysm, VSD, thrombus, papillary muscle dysfunction, MR, RV
infarct
Diagnostic tests for ischemic heart disease - ANSWER cardiac cath, stress
echo, nuclear stress testing, 12 lead EKG, serum cardiac biomarkers
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER changes in the intimal lining of the arteries
Coronary artery spasm - ANSWER causes temporary obstruction to coronary
artery blood flow; can be caused by cocaine use
Coronary artery thrombus - ANSWER typically result of the sudden formation
of a clot or piece of plaque that breaks off and blocks a coronary artery
Decreased coronary blood flow is caused by: - ANSWER arrhythmias,
pulmonary embolism, hypotension, or shock
Increased myocardial workload is due to: - ANSWER emotional stress,
increased blood volume, exertion, and HTN
Ischemic MR is due to: - ANSWER LV dilation, arrhythmias, or papillary
muscle ischemia/infarct/rupture
Ischemic VSD results when: - ANSWER an area of the IVS becomes
weakened and ruptures
Ischemic heart disease tx - ANSWER pain management, cath, surgery, mini-
thoractomy
Pain management for ischemic heart disease - ANSWER morphine, oxygen,
NTG, aspirin (MONA)
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