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PHMY 610 - Micro- Exam 1 (Dr. Fang) Study Set
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PHMY 610 - Micro- Exam 1 (Dr.Fang) Study Set
Which one is true for innate immunity?
A. Develop slow defense against infection
B. Recognize microbes specifically
C. Responds the same way when encounters the same microbes again
D. Attack normal host cells - Answer C
Innate immunity:
• Functions as the first line of defense against infection (rapid).
• Responds the same way to repeat encounters with a microbe.
• Recognizes structures that are shared by various classes of microbes (nonspecific).
• Recognizes microbial structures essential for the survival and infectivity of these
microbes.
• The receptors of the innate immune system are encoded by inherited genes that are
identical in all cells.
• Recognizes molecules that are released from damaged or necrotic host cells.
• Does not react against the normal host. Dose not recognize structures that are present
on normal host cells.
Adaptive immunity:
• Develop slowly, because requires expansion and proliferation of lymphocytes.
• Develop stronger responses to repeat encounters with a microbe.
• Recognizes details of microbial structures (specific).
• Antigen receptors are encoded by genes produced by somatic recombination of gene
segments, have greater diversity.
• Different lymphocyte clones express different receptors (clonal).
• Does not react against the normal host. Does not recognize structures that are present
on normal host cells. Self reactive lymphocytes undergo apoptosis during development
(negative selection).
,What cells mediate innate immune response?
A. Epithelial barriers
B. Neutrophils
C. Natural killer cells
D. All of the above - Answer D
• Cells mediate innate immune responses
− Epithelial barriers
− Phagocytes: neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages
− Other cells: dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, nature killer (NK) cells
• Cells mediate adaptive immune responses − B lymphocytes
− T lymphocytes
What cells engulf microbes?
A. Neutrophils
B. Monocytes
C. Macrophages
D. All of the above - Answer D
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- B lymphocytes
What cells secrete cytokines?
A. Mast cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Macrophages
D. All of the above - Answer D
• Macrophages (TNF, IL‐1, chemokines, IL‐12, IFNgamma)
, • Dendritic cells (TNF, IL‐1, chemokines, IL‐12, IFNgamma, IFNa/b)
• Mast cells (TNF, IL‐1, chemokines, IL‐4)
• Natural killer (NK) cells (IFNgamma)
• CD4+ T cells: IL‐2
− Th1 cells (IFNgamma)
− Th2 cells (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13)
− Th17cells(IL‐17,IL‐22)
− Tfh cells (IL‐4, IL‐10)
• Virus infected cells (IFNa/b)
Receptors of innate immunity recognize:
A. Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns
B. Damage‐associated molecular patterns
C. Both
D. Neither - Answer C
• Pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP)
− Bacterial endotoxin
− Peptidoglycans
− Terminal mannose residues of glycoprotein − dsRNA
− Unmethylated CG‐rich (CpG) oligonucleotides
• Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMP)
− Molecules released from damaged or necrotic host cells
• Do not recognize MHC molecules or MHC‐peptide complex
The major innate immune reactions include:
A. Acute inflammatory response
B. Antiviral defense
C. Both
D. Neither - Answer C
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