Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
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Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE cc
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
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a. Clinical model cc
b. Role performance model cc cc
c. Adaptive model cc
d. Eudaimonistic model cc
ANS: A c c
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health.
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People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) cc cc cc REF: p. 3 cc
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as
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receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
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a. Clinical model cc
b. Role performance model cc cc
c. Adaptive model cc
d. Eudaimonistic model cc
ANS: D c c
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social,
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psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning
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in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the
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eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers
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of care.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 3 cc
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
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and is experienced within a developmental context is known as:
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a. growth and development. cc cc
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness. cc
ANS: B c c
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s
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potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) cc cc cc REF: p. 5 cc
4. Which of the cc cc cc following best describes a client who has an illness?
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a. Someone cc who has well-controlled diabetes
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b. Someone cc with hypercholesterolemia
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c. Someone cc with a headache cc cc
d. Someone cc with coronary artery disease
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without angina ANS:
cc cc cc c c C
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective
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experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response
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characterized by a mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs.
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A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) cc cc cc REF: p. 6 cc
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
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a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
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b. Healthy People 2020 cc cc
c. Healthy People 2000 cc cc
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
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ANS: C c c
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which
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a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials
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to create a more global approach to health.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) cc cc cc REF: p. 6 cc
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
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a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles cc cc cc cc
b. Blood pressure screening cc cc
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization cc cc
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization cc cc
ANS: A c c
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and
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encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure
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screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 11 cc
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
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a. Self–breast examination education cc cc
b. Yearly mammograms cc
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer cc cc cc cc
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer cc cc cc cc
ANS: B c c
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an
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early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and
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thus is considered a method of secondary prevention.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 15 cc
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
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a. Drunk driving campaign cc cc
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
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c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
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d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with
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head trauma ANS:
cc cc cc c c D
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs
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when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and
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disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
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DIF: c c c c Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 15 cc
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent
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asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by
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the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care
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provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. cc
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B c c
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base
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recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
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DIF: c c c c Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 15 cc
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services.
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The nurse is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. cc
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A c c
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the
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health care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and
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assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
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DIF: c c c c Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 15 cc
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario
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the nurse is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. cc
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D c c
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease.
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Teaching can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
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DIF: c c c c Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 16 cc
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education
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program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
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a. advocate.
b. care manager. cc
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS: C c c
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention
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to individuals and groups as consultants.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 16 cc
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which
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of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of
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the program?
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a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals
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b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals
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c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals cc cc cc cc cc
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
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ANS: B c c
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus,
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the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) cc cc cc REF: p. 16 cc
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about
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the care of individuals is known as:
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a. health-related quality of life. cc cc cc
b. evidence-based practice. cc
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
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d. the ecological model of health.
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ANS: B c c
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence
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in making decisions about the care of individuals.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) cc cc cc REF: p. 16 cc
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in
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the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day
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dressing changes?‖
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a. Evidence-based practice research cc cc
b. Qualitative research cc
c. Quantitative research cc
d. Clinical judgment research cc cc
ANS: C c c
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test
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causal relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical
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judgment research are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) cc cc cc REF: p. 16 cc
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be
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answered by using which research methodology?
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a. Evidence-based practice research cc cc
b. Qualitative research cc
c. Quantitative research cc
d. Clinical judgment cc
research ANS:
cc cc c c B
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