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Bio 101 Exam#1 World of Animals Questions with Complete Answers
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Bio 101 Exam#1 World of Animals Questions with Complete Answers
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Bio 101 Exam#1 World of AnimalsQuestions with Complete Answers
Fact - Answer-Any observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and accepted as
true.
Hypothesis - Answer-Potential explanations of a phenomenon of nature.
Theory - Answer-A scientific hypothesis or set of related hypotheses that offers very
powerful explanations for a wide variety of related phenomena and serves to organize
the scientific investigation of those phenomena.
Proximate causation - Answer-The factors that underlie the functioning of a biological
system at a particular place and time, including those responsible for metabolic,
physiological, and behavioral functions at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and
population levels.
Ultimate causation - Answer-The evolutionary factors responsible for the origin, state of
being, or role of a biological system.
Mutation - Answer-Stable and abrupt change of a gene; the heritable modification of a
character.
Migration - Answer-Genes move from one population to another.
Genetic Drift - Answer-Random sampling error over generations.
Fitness - Answer-Degree of adjustment and suitability for a particular environment.
Genetic fitness - Answer-the relative contribution of a genotype to the next generation;
organisms with high genetic fitness are those favored by natural selection.
Adaptation - Answer-Anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioral trait that
evolved by natural selection and improves an organisms ability to survive and leave
descendants.
Speciation - Answer-The evolutionary process or event by which new species arise.
Vicariance - Answer-Population geographically divided by a physical barrier.
Dispersal - Answer-Individuals migrate from one area to another.
Erasmus Darwin - Answer-Grandfather of Charles Darwin, hypothesized the common
ancestry of organisms.
, Charles Lyell - Answer-His book, "Principles of Geology" introduced the idea of
uniformitarianism which encompasses two important assumptions that guide scientific
study of the history of nature. 1. The laws of physics and chemistry have not changed
throughout the earth's history and 2. The past geological events occurred by natural
processes similar to those we observe in action today.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - Answer-Author to the first complete hypothesis for evolution.
He made the first convincing argument that fossils were remains of extinct animals.
Lamarck theorized the inheritance of acquired characteristics which states: organisms,
by striving to meet the demands of their environments, acquire adaptations and pass
tem by heredity to their offspring.
Charles Darwin - Answer-Developed the theory of natural selection which states:
Heritable traits beneficial to survival are selected in nature and become common in a
population
Gregor Mendel - Answer-was an Austrian monk who studied the inheritance of traits in
peas (Genetics) and identified dominant versus recessive traits.
Modern science - Answer-An attitude of observation and experimentation often with the
inclusion of mathematics to explain observations.
Three attributes of science - Answer-Testable, Repeatable, and Falsifiable
Five steps of the hypethetico-deductive approach to science - Answer-Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Empirical test
Conclusion
Evolution - Answer-All changes in the characteristics and diversity of life on earth
throughout its history.
Is evolution a fact or a theory? - Answer-Theory.
Natural selection - Answer-The interactions between organismal character variation and
the environment that cause differences in rates of survival and reproduction among
varying organisms in a population; leads to evolutionary change if variation is heritable.
Most common mechanism of evolution - Answer-Natural selection
Allopatric speciation - Answer-Occurs in small populations that are physically isolated
(most common)
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