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Humanities Clep Test Exam Study Guide.
Greek Philosophers Before Socrates - answer✔Pre-Socrates
Pythagoras - answer✔6th Century B.C., a Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of a religous
movement called Pythagoreanism
Thales - answer✔"Father of Western Philosophy". Greek philosopher who taught that the universe had
originated from water.
Parmenides - answer✔a pre-socratic Greek philosopher born in Italy. Denied the existence of time,
plurality, and motion. NO Change. Founder of Metaphysics.
Heraclitus - answer✔a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that
permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (All is change).
Zeno - answer✔ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that
motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)
Socrates - answer✔Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting
Athens youth. Believed writing distorted ideas. His ideas were recorded by his followers (Plato).
Atomism - answer✔The idea that matter is made out of atoms
Atomists - answer✔Leucippus and Democritus
Plato - answer✔one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of
western civilization. Explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal
state, the people were divided into three different groups.
Aristotle - answer✔Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author
of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced
Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's
metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the
essential method of rational inquiry.
pop art - answer✔an artistic movement that emerged in the early 1960s; pop artists took images from
popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art
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mosaics - answer✔patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on
surfaces such as walls and floors
sculpture - answer✔three dimensional work of art, statue
bust - answer✔a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person
obelisk - answer✔tall, 4 sided pillar of stone that rises to a point
multi-media - answer✔using two or more types of media together to create an art object such as glitter
or beads on a painting
louise nevelson - answer✔assembled architectural sculptures of "found" wooden objects and used them
to construct screens of boxes of varied sizes which she painted in monochromatic colors.
constantin brancusi - answer✔(1876) 19th-20th c. Romanian sculptor known for highly simplified
archetypical human and animal forms (The Kiss; Bird in Space)
cellini - answer✔goldsmith and sculptor, wrote one of the first autobiographies
barbara hepworth - answer✔British abstract sculptor
michelangelo - answer✔Italian Renaissance artist that painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and sculpted
the statue of David.
henry moore - answer✔abstract sculptor who used rounding techniques and very little detail
alexander calder - answer✔United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)
hagia sophia - answer✔Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I
and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. Constructed of interlocking domes.
gothic age architecture - answer✔stained glass, pointed arches and ribbed vaulting
Andrea Palladio - answer✔architect who like a statue at every corner
Le Corbusier - answer✔French 20th century architect
Christopher Wren - answer✔architect refurbished St. Paul's Cathedral
Mies van der Rohe - answer✔United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel
frame and glass skyscrapers (1886-1969)
Frank Lloyd Wright - answer✔Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a
building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.
flying buttress - answer✔a brace or support placed on the outside of a building
fresco - answer✔paint onto wet plaster on a wall
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tempura - answer✔a technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk
gouche - answer✔Opaque watercolor
pieta - answer✔A painting, drawing, or sculpture of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, holding the dead body of
Jesus. The word means "pity" in Italian.
renaissance - answer✔rebirth
mannerism - answer✔a style of art in the mid to late 16th century that permitted artists to express their
own "manner" or feelings in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the High Renaissance.
neo-classic period - answer✔refers to the classical revival in European art, architecture, and interior
design that lasted from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century
french female pose - answer✔subject is lying down away from the artist and looking over her shoulder
dada school - answer✔school of nonsense and anti-art
Giotto - answer✔Frescoe painter, founded flourentine school, realisitc poses
Donatello - answer✔Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural,
lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David.
Da Vinci - answer✔painter, sculpter, architect, engineer, musician; invented the court painter of the king
of France; "Mona Lisa," "The Last Supper"(classical), "Vitruvian Man"(anatomy)
El Greco - answer✔Mannerism painter
Rembrandt - answer✔He used light and shadows to convey moods and emotions-Painted the Blinding of
Samson
Peter Paul Rubens - answer✔Flemish Baroque painter who had assistants complete parts of his work
Vermeer - answer✔A Dutch painter who used a great deal of light. He enjoyed painting people doing
everyday things.
Jean Fragonard - answer✔Painted "The Bathers"
Delacroix - answer✔Most important of the French Romantic painters; profoundly shaped the work of
the Impressionists.
Monet - answer✔French impressionist painter
Renoir - answer✔French impressionist painter; nude female paintings
Degas - answer✔French Painter, Impressionism, did horses and ballet dancers
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Seurat - answer✔French Painter, Post impressionism, pointellism (using several small dots of color to
create a larger image)Sunday Afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte
Aubrey Beardsley - answer✔Famous for black and white erotic paintings
Gilbert Stuart - answer✔United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington
Picasso - answer✔A Spanish painter best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide
variety of styles embodied in his work. "Guernica"
Remington - answer✔protrayed the west by painting cowhands and natives
Salvador Dali - answer✔Spanish surrealist painter
Joan Miro - answer✔Spanish surrealist painter
Andrew Wyeth - answer✔American realist painter, "Christina's World"
Persian Rugs - answer✔high quality rugs made by Persian Muslims, valued for their exquisite designs,
vivid colors and skillful make. These rugs were in great demand from China to Europe, greatly improving
the Abbasid's economy.
American Indian Rugs - answer✔Repititions of geometric lines
Brussels tapestries - answer✔Beuatiful with ornate borders
Bayeux tapestry - answer✔A tapestry that recounts the battle of hastings, A piece of linen about 1 Ft.8
in. Wide by 213 ft.long covered with embroidery representing the incidents of Willam the conqueror's
expedition to England.
reliquary - answer✔a wooden box where religious relics are stored or displayed
Josiah Wedgewood - answer✔An English maker of pottery and china, he developed mass production of
quality porcelain. Signature blue or pink with cameo inset.
chalice - answer✔decorative drinking cup or goblet
Beethoven & Wagner - answer✔Took inspiration from Schiller's "Ode to Joy"
Hector Berlioz - answer✔Composed "Symphonie Fantastique"
Johannes Brahms - answer✔German composer who developed the Romantic style of both lyrical and
classical music
Chopin - answer✔French composer (born in Poland) and pianist of the romantic school. Known as the
"poet of the piano"
Aaron Copeland - answer✔Wrote "Appalachian Spring"
