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UW Madison Bio 101 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions
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UW Madison Bio 101 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions
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UW Madison Bio 101 Exam 1 Questionswith Complete Solutions
What is a covalent bond? - Answer-When two atoms share electrons
What are the three key polar covalent bonds (for the sake of this class)? - Answer-O-H,
N-H, S-H
What can H bond to? - Answer-Other polar molecules and water.
How are polymers built? - Answer-Through dehydration reactions (Monomer in, water
out)
How are polymers broken down? - Answer-Through hydrolysis reactions (Water in,
monomer out)
What is the identifying shape of a carbohydrate? - Answer-Ring-shaped
What is the function of a disaccharide? - Answer-To be broken down for quick energy.
What is the function of glucose? - Answer-Glucose is a monosaccharide that is used as
fuel to make ATP.
T/F: All polysaccharides are composed of glucose. - Answer-True
What is the function of a starch? Where is it found? - Answer-Function: Energy Storage
Found: in plants
What is the function of glycogen? Where is it found? - Answer-Function: energy storage
Found: animals
What is the function of cellulose? Where is it found? - Answer-Function: Structural
Found: Plant cells
What is the function of chitin? Where is it found? - Answer-Function: Structural
Found: Insects, some animals, fungi
Can animals break down cellulose? - Answer-No. Cows can only break down cellulose
because of microorganisms within their stomach that can.
Describe what a protein structure looks like? - Answer-A central carbon is bonded to an
amino group, a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and a varying R group.
, Which end of a polypeptide is read first; the carboxyl terminus or amino terminus? -
Answer-The amino terminus
What must happen to a polypeptide before it can become a functioning protein? -
Answer-It must fold.
What is the first level (degree) of protein structure? - Answer-It is the linked series of
amino acids and their unique sequence.
What is the second level (degree) of protein structure? - Answer-Alpha helices or beta-
pleated sheets. Localized folding created by H bonding
What is the third level (degree) of protein structure? - Answer-The 3D shape of a protein
due to the interactions between R groups.
What types of interactions between R groups are important in maintaining tertiary
structure? Describe them. - Answer-1.Hydrogen bonds
2. Disulfide bridge (covalent bond)
3. Ionic bonds (attraction between (+) and (-) charges)
4. Hydrophobic exclusion (interactions [many hydrophobic parts moving toward inside])
What do chaperone proteins do? - Answer-They stop improper actions from occurring
while the proteins are being folded.
What is the fourth level (degree) of protein structure? - Answer-The aggregation of two
or more polypeptides.
Will a change in primary structure result in problems downstream in structure or
functioning of a protein? - Answer-Not always. It just depends on what the change is
and where.
Are enzymes functional at non-optimal conditions? - Answer-No. Physical conditions
effect enzyme function
What are the functions of lipids? - Answer-Growth, utilization of some vitamins,
insulation, hormones, excellent energy source, and a major component of cell
membranes.
What are the functions of steroids? - Answer-Hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
and membrane structure (cholesterol)
How does cholesterol move through the bloodstream? - Answer-As a lipoprotein
complex
Describe low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. - Answer-LDL- carries
cholesterol from the liver to cells. "bad" cholesterol. can clog arteries.
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