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Chapter 18. Perfusion (Nursing Concepts) Questions and Answers
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Chapter 18. Perfusion (Nursing Concepts)
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Chapter 18. Perfusion (NursingConcepts)
What is perfusion? - answer the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering
nutrients and oxygen to cells
What does perfusion require? - answer the heart to generate sufficient cardiac output to
transport blood through blood vessels for distribution in the tissues throughout the body
What is a key factor to optimal perfusion? - answer cardiovascular health
What is myocardial ischemia? - answer occurs when blood supply to the heart is cut off
death of myocardial tissue with an inability to regenerate - answer myocardial infarction
(MI)
What can lead to changes in perfusion? – answer MI, shock, hypertension, heart failure,
stroke
What is cardiac output? - answer amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
What is central perfusion? - answerpropels blood to all organs and their tissues from
arteries through capillaries and returns the blood to the heart through veins
When does central perfusion begin? - answerwhen the heart is stimulated by an
electrical impulse that originates from the SA node and travels to the AV node, then
travels through the bundle of His and perkinje fibers in the myocardium, which in turn
causes the ventricles to contract, as the ventricles contract the mitral and tricuspid
valves are forced closed preventing backflow, this forces the aortic and pulmonic valves
to open resulting in ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries
What is normal cardiac output (CO)? - answer4 to 6 L/min in adults
What two factors contribute to CO? - answerstroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? - answerend diastolic volume in the heart; the amount of blood in the
ventricles at the end of diastole
What is preload influenced by? - answerstretch capacity of myocardial fibers; amount of
blood returned to the heart from the systemic circulation
What is tissue perfusion? - answervolume of blood that flows through target tissues
, How is tissue perfusion supplied? - answerby blood flowing from arteries to capillaries
created by the force of ventricular contractions; pushes blood through capillaries into the
interstitial spaces allowing delivery of oxygen, fluids, and nutrients to cells -
answerCapillary hydrostatic Pressure
Is the pressure higher in veins or arteries? - answerArteries
Infant cardio considerations? - answersystolic pressure is low due to weaker left
ventricles; arteries and veins lengthen to keep pace with growth
Older adult cardio considerations? - answerarterial stiffening contributes to an increase
in BP, which increases the work load; CO decreases; decrease in BP while standing
may lead to falls
Factors that decrease cardiac output? - answerchanges in myocardial conduction
Central perfusion problems result from? - answerincrease SVR, viscosity of blood
If SVR is sustained what will it lead to? - answerinsufficient central perfusion
What will result from significant reduction in central perfusion? - answershock
What does impaired tissue perfusion result from? - answerpoor central perfusion or from
mechanisms within the blood vessel such as a blocked vessel
What will result if the blood flow to the myocardium is constricted? - answermyocardial
infarction
What does malfunction of heart valves impair? - answerblood flow through the heart
What is shock? - answerinability of central perfusion to supply blood to peripheral
tissues
When does shock occur? - answerwhen the heart is unable to act as a pump, fluid is
lost, or systemic vasodilation occurs
What causes impaired tissue perfusion? - answerassociated with occlusion,
constriction, or dilation of arteries and veins
Examples of dilation? - answeraneurysms in arteries and varicose veins
What can occlude arteries and veins? - answeratherosclerosis or thrombi in arteries and
thrombi in veins
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