Exam (elaborations)
1020 PERFUSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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Exam of 6 pages for the course Perfusion at Perfusion (1020 PERFUSION)
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1020 PERFUSIONLEARNING OUTCOMES - answer• At the end of the lecture the student will:
• Identify risk factors for developing selected perfusion disorders.
• Articulate the recommended screening practices, laboratory and
diagnostic studies for selected perfusion disorders.
• Discuss clinical manifestations of selected disorders of perfusion.
• Plan and prioritize nursing interventions for a patient with an alteration
in perfusion.
• Develop a teaching plan, utilizing current research, for a patient with an
alteration in perfusion.
• Apply principles of pharmacologic management to the care of patients
with an alteration in perfusion.
• Discuss management of care for patients receiving transfusion therapy.
Perfusion - answer Central- a normal physiologic process that requires the
heart to generate sufficient cardiac output to transport blood
through patent blood vessels for distribution in the tissues
throughout the body. ( heart & large blood vessels)
Tissue - the flow of blood through target tissues.
The blood flows through arteries and capillaries, delivering nutrients
and oxygen to cells, and removing cellular (peripheral vessels)
Central perfusion CO - answerCO- output the amount of blood pumped out per min
SV + HR = CO
Preload= pressure on the wall of the ventricle right before being pumped out
After load- pressure in the peripheral vessel of the lung after
Contractility- how strong is the muscle, how strong will it be
Impaired central perfusion - answerImpairment of central perfusion occurs when cardiac
output is inadequate.
*Reduced cardiac output results in a reduction of oxygenated blood reaching the body
tissues (systemic effect).*
- If severe (hypovolemic), associated with shock because we don't have the volume
needed.
- If untreated, leads to ischemia, cell injury, and cell death
Impaired Tissue Perfusion - answer• Impaired tissue perfusion occurs when there is
reduced blood flow to the target tissues through the arteries and capillaries. • Poor
central perfusion •(stroke) Blockage of the vessel leading to target organ or tissue •
, Excessive edema interferes with cellular oxygen exchange (Usually some type of
blockage ( clot) at a lower level ( limb )
More local level; smaller blood vessels Large tissue lower level
Impaired Perfusion Risk Factors TEST QUESTION - answernon modifiable - Age, Sex
(males), Genetics Ethnicity
modifable- Smoking, Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, HTN, DM, Sedentary lifestyle
Exemplars ( need to know for exam) - answerPeripheral Vascular Disease •
Arteriosclerosis & Atherosclerosis • Hypertension
• Cardiovascular Disease • Stable Angina • Chronic Heart Failure
• Hematologic diseases • Anemia • Leukemia
Vascular System Purpose - answer•Cell nourishment • Removal of waste •Hormonal
delivery to target organs •Substance exchange between interstitial fluid and blood
•Allows lymphatic flow to drain tissue fluid back into circulation •Returns blood to the
heart for recirculation
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) , Arteriosclerosis - answerThickening or hardening
of arterial wall Often associated with aging ( gardening hose )
Embolis is traveling Thrombus is stationary causing an obstruction
COMMON SITES - Fermoral popiteal common Carotid usually causes TIA
causes stroke, MI , gangrene
Atherosclerosis Causative Factors - answer• Hypertension (HTN)
• High LDL-C, low HDL-C •
Toxins secondary to: • renal failure • carbon monoxide (smoking)Vasoconstriction
• Diseases (DM) diabetes( platelet issues)
• Aging • Genetic predisposition • Indirect causative factors • obesity, sedentary lifestyle,
stress
Cholesterol - answerLDL low density lipoprotien is less desirable so it should be low • <
100 mg/dL optimal • 100-129 mg/dL near or above optimal • 130-159 mg/dL borderline
high
HDL- high density lipoprotein it should be high its the likely desirable • > 40 desirable >
60
Triglycerides • < 150 ( less than 150)
Total Cholesterol
• < 200 mg/dL
Assessment Findings Altered Perfusion-Arterial - answerEarly stage asymptomatic •
Signs & symptoms of O2 supply
•lips & nail pallor
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