Exam (elaborations)
Pharm II CH 12 Cardiovascular and Renal Medications questions with correct answers.
- Course
- Institution
Pharm II CH 12 Cardiovascular and Renal Medications questions with correct answers.
[Show more]
Content preview
Pharm II CH 12 Cardiovascular and RenalMedications questions with correct answers
Antianginals and Peripheral Vasodilators Correct Answer-Drugs used to
treat chest pain from angina and problems w/ disease causing blockage
of the arteries (mostly in the legs)
Three major classes of drugs used in the medical management of angina
Correct Answer-Short- and long-acting nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Vasodilators Correct Answer-* Agents open up the vessels that may be
used for increasing circulation in peripheral vascular disease
* Provides many adverse effects and their use requires special safety
measures
Beta blockers Correct Answer-Decreases the oxygen demands of the
heart
Nitrates Correct Answer-* Vasodilators that have a direct action on
vascular smooth muscle and cause it to relax (felt in both the circulation
in arteries and veins)
* Arterial relaxation + venous relaxation = work together to decrease
myocardial O2 use
* Increases the use of the other small blood vessels (collaterals) so that
there is better O2 supply to the inner layers of the heart muscle
,Arterial relaxation Correct Answer-Reduces the pressures the heart has
to pump against (afterload)
Venous relaxation Correct Answer-Decreases the amount of blood
returned to the heart (preload)
Calcium channel blockers Correct Answer-* Dilates the coronary
vessels and reduces the workload of the heart
* An electrolyte that helps move electrical impulses through cardiac
tissue
* Helps slow down the flow of Ca ions across the cell membrane thus
reducing the amount of Ca available for electrical impulse movement
* May act directly on vascular smooth muscle to dilate coronary arteries
and arterioles which relieves angina d/t more oxygen going into the
cardiac tissue
* Used to reduce the response of the cardiac conduction system to
electrical impulses and treat dysrhythmias
* Can be used in combination w/ other drugs for HTN
Peripheral vasodilators Correct Answer-* Treats pts w/ occlusive arterial
disease (blockage of the arteries that make them smaller) by helping
expand/open up the arteries **limited success**
* Drugs relax the smooth muscles of peripheral arterial blood vessels
and help lead to better circulation to the arms and legs
,* Treats pain in the legs caused by intermittent claudication,
arteriosclerosis obliterans, Reynaud's disease, nocturnal leg cramps and
vasospasm caused by blood clots
Rapid-acting nitrates (amyl nitrite, sublingual nitroglycerin and
sublingual or chewable isosorbide dinitrate) Correct Answer-Used
mostly to relieve pain in acute angina
Long-acting nitrates and topical, transdermal, transmucosal and oral
sustained-release nitroglycerin products Correct Answer-* Used to
prevent or treat anginal attacks when they are likely to occur (e.g. w/
exercise)
* To reduce the severity and frequency of anginal attacks
* Reduce the work of the heart in cases of MI, chronic heart failure,
relief of gallbladder, GI, urethral and bronchial smooth muscle pain
Which form of nitroglycerin administration is best used for MIs? Correct
Answer-Transdermal patch systems
IV nitroglycerin Correct Answer-* Control severe angina in an acute MI
and also to control acute pain during procedures on the heart (e.g.
cardiac catheterization)
* Requires careful monitoring of the pt in a cardiac care or critical care
unit b/c of the possibility that the medicine may cause a severe drop in
BP
, Adverse reactions: Nitrates Correct Answer-Flushing, postural
hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, dizziness, fainting, headache, light-
headedness, vertigo, weakness, drug rash, localized pruritus (itching),
local burning in the mouth, nausea and vomiting
Tartrazine Correct Answer--A chemical that may cause an allergic type
of reaction w/ symptoms similar to asthma
-Pts who are allergic to aspirin have a greater chance of reacting to
tartrazine
High doses of nitrate use may cause _____________________. Correct
Answer-violent headaches
Pts w/ a history of stroke or CVA: Correct Answer-Must be given
nitrates w/ care b/c it can cause widening of the cerebral arteries
Adverse reactions: Peripheral Vasodilating Agents Correct Answer-
Dizziness, headache, weakness, tachycardia, flushing, postural
hypotension, dysrhythmias, confusion, severe rash, nervousness, tingling
and sweating
Drug interactions: Nitrates Correct Answer--Increases the effects of
atropine-like drugs and tricyclic antidepressants and decrease the effects
of all choline-like drugs
-Should not be taken at the same time as prazosin
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller cracker. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now