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Clinical Chemistry Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

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Clinical Chemistry Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions CHO- - ANSWER-aldehyde HCHO- - ANSWER-formaldehyde (simplest aldehyde) C=O - ANSWER-ketone/carboxyl COOH - ANSWER-carboxylic acid HCOOH - ANSWER-formic acid (from bee sting/ant bite) SH - ANSWER-thiol OH - ANSWER-hydroxyl/alcohol NH2 - ANSWER...

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  • November 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Clinical Chemistry Exam 1 Study Guide

Solutions


CHO- - ANSWER✔✔-aldehyde


HCHO- - ANSWER✔✔-formaldehyde (simplest aldehyde)


C=O - ANSWER✔✔-ketone/carboxyl


COOH - ANSWER✔✔-carboxylic acid


HCOOH - ANSWER✔✔-formic acid (from bee sting/ant bite)


SH - ANSWER✔✔-thiol


OH - ANSWER✔✔-hydroxyl/alcohol


NH2 - ANSWER✔✔-amino group


NH2-C-COOH - ANSWER✔✔-amino acid (based on R group)


How can we poison the Krebs cycle? - ANSWER✔✔-cyanide


How many ATPs does glycolysis produce? - ANSWER✔✔-2


How many ATPs does the Krebs cycle produce? - ANSWER✔✔-36


Function of rough ER: - ANSWER✔✔-protein synthesis


Function of smooth ER: - ANSWER✔✔-steroid production


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How long will the brain live without oxygen and/or glucose? - ANSWER✔✔-3-5 minutes


Once oxygen is cut off, what is the order in which different parts of the brain shut down? - ANSWER✔✔-

cerebrum (makes us human), cerebellum, brain stem


Where are most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates found? - ANSWER✔✔-liver


What is the fundamental formula of life? - ANSWER✔✔-C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP


What is the process plants go under that produces oxygen and glucose? - ANSWER✔✔-photosynthesis


There is no reserve for _____. - ANSWER✔✔-oxygen


There is SOME reserve for _____. - ANSWER✔✔-glucose


What do activated carrier molecules such as NADH and NADPH do? - ANSWER✔✔-carry electrons


What is the term for burning sugar? - ANSWER✔✔-caramelization (however, our bodies oxidize glucose

in a controlled fashion)


What is the name of the substance(s) that lower activation energies? - ANSWER✔✔-enzymes


What is oxidation? - ANSWER✔✔-adding oxygen/losing electrons


What is reduction? - ANSWER✔✔-addition of electrons or hydrogens


What is the most fundamental reaction in all living beings? - ANSWER✔✔-oxidoreduction reactions


What is a carbohydrate? - ANSWER✔✔-hydrated carbon (CH2O)


What is the empiric formula and what sugars fall under it? - ANSWER✔✔-C6H12O6


glucose


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galactose


fructose


mannose


Glucose, galactose, fructose, and mannose are all: - ANSWER✔✔--isomers (same empiric formula)


-hexoses


-reducing sugars


When looking at the empiric formula, what determines the type of sugar it is? - ANSWER✔✔-the

arrangement of the OH groups on the backbone moelcule


monosaccharides - ANSWER✔✔-simple sugars including glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose


disaccharide - ANSWER✔✔-2 sugars bonded together including sucrose (table sugar; glucose connected

to fructose via a glycosidic linkage)


oligosaccharide - ANSWER✔✔-small chains of simple sugars (~6 chains)


complex sugars - ANSWER✔✔-polymers of simple sugars (ex: starch or glycogen)


In what form do plants store sugar? - ANSWER✔✔-starch


In what form do humans store sugar? - ANSWER✔✔-glycogen (branched, so you can put a lot of calories

in 1 space)


Fischer sugar diagram - ANSWER✔✔-(sterioisomers)


Haworth sugar diagram - ANSWER✔✔-


What allows a molecule to flip and become another one (sterioisomers) - ANSWER✔✔-isomerases

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