Exam (elaborations)
Nutrition Final Exam 2024/2025
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NUT Final Exam NUT Final Exam NUT Final Exam
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NUT Final ExamSteps of a Nutrition Assessment (ABCD) - •Anthropometric measurements
•Biochemical tests
•Clinical examination
•Dietary and social history
Anthropometric measurements - Height
Weight
BMI
Ideal body weight
Nutrition Assessment: Labs - Albumin and Pre-albumin
Normal ranges for albumin and pre-albumin - Albumin: 3.5-5.0 g/dL
Pre-albumin: 17-35 mg/dL
What are the six nutrient categories? - 1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats (lipids)
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? - 1. Following a healthy dietary pattern at every life
stage
,2. Customize and enjoy food & beverage choices to reflect personal preferences, cultural traditions, and
budgetary considerations
3. Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient- dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie
limits
4. Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic
beverages
ChooseMyPlate graphic - -Make half your plate fruits and veggies
-Focus on whole fruits
-Vary your veggies
-Make half your grains whole grains
-Vary your protein routine
-Move to low fat or fat free dairy milk
Religious and cultural food restrictions: Jewish - KOSHER
-No meat & dairy together (detailed wait time between eating these foods)
-Seafood is OK IF it has fins and scales
Different types of vegetarians - Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian
Lacto Vegetarian
Pescatarian
Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian - Consumes dairy products and eggs, but not meat, poultry, or fish
Lacto Vegetarian - Consumes dairy products, but not meat, poultry, or eggs
Pescatarian - Consumes fish but not meat or poultry
, Where is bile made? - Liver
Where is bile stored? - Gallbladder
What is bile used for? - Emulsifies fat after it is secreted into small intestine
Fat digestion
Metabolism and absorption of Vitamin B12 - Secretion of intrinsic factor for vitamin absorption
Food enters the fundus and moves to the body of the stomach, where the muscles in the stomach wall
gradually knead the food, tear it, and mix it with gastric juices and with the intrinsic factor necessary for
the absorption of vitamin B12, before it can be propelled forward in slow, controlled movements
Where does the majority of absorption occur? - Small intestine
What are the primary tasks of the large intestine? - 1. Absorb water
2. Synthesize some B vitamins and vitamin K
3. Collect food residue
BMR: Definition - the rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance; also referred to as resting
energy expenditure (REE)
BMR: What factors increase BMR? - Exposure to extreme cold
Prolonged Stress
Rapid periods of Growth (i.e. puberty)
Pregnancy & Lactation
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