PEDS GI: Comprehensive Guide to
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders |
Updated Edition
Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered
Explanation:
The nurse should maintain an IV line and administer the IV fluid as ordered to
maintain fluid volume. High-carbohydrate fluids like fruit...
PEDS GI: Comprehensive Guide to
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders |
2024-2025 Updated Edition
Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered
Explanation:
The nurse should maintain an IV line and administer the IV fluid as ordered to
maintain fluid volume. High-carbohydrate fluids like fruit juice, Kool-Aid, and
popsicles should be avoided as they are low in electrolytes, increase simple
carbohydrate consumption, and can decrease stool transit time. Milk products
✅✅
should be avoided during the acute phase of illness as they may worsen
diarrhea. - -The nurse has developed a plan of care for a 12-month-old
hospitalized with dehydration as a result of rotavirus. Which intervention would
the nurse include in the plan of care?
Currant jelly-like
Explanation:
The child with intussusception often exhibits currant jelly-like stools that may or
may not be positive for blood. Greasy stools are associated with celiac disease.
Clay-colored stools are observed with biliary atresia. Bloody stools can be seen
✅✅
with several gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease. -
-The nurse is providing care to a child with an intussusception. The child
has a bowel movement and the nurse inspects the stool. The nurse would most
likely document the stool's appearance as having what quality?
pH of 7.25, HCO3 of 20 mEq/L
Explanation:
The pH of blood is normally slightly alkaline, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. The level
of bicarbonate (HCO3) in arterial blood is normally 22 to 26 mEq/L. Metabolic
acidosis results from diarrhea as a great deal of sodium is lost with stool. With
metabolic acidosis, arterial blood gas analysis will reveal a decreased pH (under
7.35) and a low HCO3 value (near or below 22 mEq/L). With metabolic alkalosis,
, ✅✅
pH will be elevated (near or above 7.45), and HCO3 level will be near or above
28 mEq/L. - -A 7-year-old boy has experienced severe diarrhea resulting
from an intestinal virus. The nurse is concerned that the child will develop an
acid-base imbalance. Which of the following blood test results would indicate that
the boy is experiencing metabolic acidosis?
Take a stool culture
Explanation:
Treatment of severe diarrhea focuses on regulating electrolyte and fluid balance
by initiating a temporary rest for the GI tract, oral or IV rehydration therapy, and
discovering the organism responsible for the diarrhea. All children with severe
diarrhea or diarrhea that persists longer than 24 hours should have a stool
culture taken to determine if bacteria are causing the diarrhea, and if so, a
definite antibiotic therapy can be prescribed. Because a side effect of many
antibiotics is diarrhea, antibiotics should not routinely be used to treat diarrhea
without an identifiable bacterial cause. Before the initial IV fluid is changed to a
potassium solution, be certain the infant or child has voided—proof that the
kidneys are functioning; in this case, the child is not voiding yet. The child should
✅✅
not be fed a cracker, as the GI tract should be rested until the diarrhea stops. -
-The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who was admitted to the
emergency room 24 hours ago with signs of severe diarrhea. The infant's rectal
temperature is 104° F (40° C), with weak and rapid pulse and respirations. The
skin is pale and cool. The child is on IV rehydration therapy, but the diarrhea is
persisting. The infant has not voided since being admitted. Which is the priority
nursing intervention?
In this disorder the sphincter that leads into the stomach is relaxed.
Explanation:
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs when the sphincter in the lower portion of
the esophagus, which leads into the stomach, is relaxed and allows gastric
contents to be regurgitated back into the esophagus. Congenital aganglionic
megacolon is characterized by persistent constipation resulting from partial or
complete intestinal obstruction of mechanical origin. Colic consists of recurrent
paroxysmal bouts of abdominal pain. Pyloric stenosis is characterized by
hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus which leads to an
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