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NAUI Open Water Dive Certification Beginner Exam With Complete Solutions Latest Update (A+)
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NAUI Open Water Dive Certification Beginner Exam WithComplete Solutions Latest Update (A+)
30 feet (6 inches per secound)
Your rate of ascent shall not exceed a speed of _______________ per minute if you are
using the standard NAUI dive tables.
small
As you ascend or you feel yourself rising in the water because of the expansion of air,
you will need to vent ___________ amounts of air from your BC (or dry suit) to maintain
neutral buoyancy.
Barotrauma
Pressure injury to enclosed body surfaces, such as from having too much air pressure
in the lungs.
perilymph fistula
a leakage of inner ear fluid through a tear in either the round or oval window allowing
open exchange between the middle ear and fluids of inner ear
decompression sickness (the bends)
occurs when gases (usually Nitrogen) breathed by the diver are absorbed into the
bloodstream.
Arterial Gas Embolism
A condition in which air bubbles enter the bloodstream and then travel to the brain;
caused by a rapid ascent from deep water which expands air in the lungs too quickly.
-occur as a result of pulmonary interstitial emphysema.
-most serious complication from diving
-AKA: pulmonary barotrauma
recompression
,resubjection of a person to a higher pressure so that slow decompression can be
achieved; commonly used in the treatment of diving-related emergencies including DCI.
Pulmonary Overinflation Syndrome (POIS)
group of barotrauma-related diseases caused by the expansion of gas trapped in the
lung (mainly during the ascent), or over-pressurization of the lung with subsequent
over-expansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs.
the two major causes of alveolar rupture
-excess pressure inside of the lung caused by positive pressure
-failure of expanding gasses to escape the lung from the lung during the ascent
holds his breath
pulmonary overinflation from expanding gas failing to escape from the lung during
ascent can occur when a diver voluntary ______________________
Interstitial emphysema
the entrance of air into the connective tissue stroma of the lung, mediastinum, or
subcutaneous tissue due to rupture of the alveolar lining. Causes no damage unless
further leaking occurs
mediastinal emphysema
Air or gas in the mediastinum due to leakage of air from the bronchial tree
subcutaneous emphysema
The presence of air in soft tissues, producing a characteristic crackling sensation on
palpation.
pneumothorax
Air in the pleural cavity due to a puncture of the lung or chest wall
,tension pneumothorax
A tension pneumothorax-a pneumothorax in which air enters, but does not leave, the
pleural space-causes severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the
heart and great vessels.
nitrogen narcosis
A physiological symptom where the diver has an increased partial pressure of nitrogen
to the point that symptoms similar to intoxication, impaired thought
symptoms of Barotrauma
blockage of ear
earache
hearing loss
vertigo
ringing in ears
bleeding from ear
symptoms of perilymph fistula
vertigo
nystagmus (eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements)
loss of balance
SNHL (Sensorineural hearing loss)
ringing in the ears
symptoms of nitrogen narcosis
Loss of judgment
False feeling of well being
Lack of concern job safety
, Apparent stupidity
Inappropriate laughter
Tingling and vague numbness of lips, gums, and legs
emphysema
a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing
breathlessness.
decompression illness (DCI)
A term for decompression sickness (DCS) and air gas embolism (AGE).
decompression sickness (DCS)
Generalized signs and symptoms from nitrogen bubbles in blood and tissues coming out
of solution on ascent. (the bends)
causes of barotrauma
Increased airway pressure over-stretches the lungs and may tear fragile
alveoli/emphysematous blebs. Patients with compliant lungs (COPD, etc.) are at
greatest risk
simple pneumothorax
Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause
drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient.
-does not displace the mediastinal structures as does a tension pneumothorax
valido
Lung squeeze
air in lungs compressed
factors that heighten the risk of DCI
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