Western Governors University
(WGU)
NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU D116
WGU NURS 2060 D116 Midterm and Final Exam
Course Title and Number: NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU
D116 Exam
Exam Title: WGU NURS 2060 D116 Midterm and Final Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2024- 2025
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
Instructions:
1. Read each question carefully.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
4. Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
5. Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have completed
the Exam.
6. This test has a time limit, The test will save and submit automatically when the
time expires
7. This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course Learning
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NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU
D116 2024-2025 WGU D116 NURS 2060 Pharm Exam 2
Study Guide Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
Isotonic contraction - Answer>> - both water and
sodium are lost proportionally
- isotonic solution with water and sodium in equal
amounts
- replaces body fluid with water
Hypertonic contraction - Answer>> - water loss
greater than sodium loss
- hypotonic solution with more water and less sodium
- body tissues pull water from circulation and
rehydrates tissues
Hypotonic contraction - Answer>> - sodium loss
greater than water loss
- hypertonic solution with more sodium and less water
- pulls water from body tissues into circulation
Electrolytes - Answer>> - conduct charge, nerve
impulses, muscle excitability, acid/base
- Example: sodium (major extracellular electrolyte),
potassium (major intracellular electrolyte), calcium,
magnesium and phosphorous
Fluid and Electrolyte balance is important - Answer>>
- body fluid is lost, electrolytes become imbalanced and
body systems are stressed and cognitive function in the
brain is impaired
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- blood becomes concentrated
signaling the kidneys to retain
water = decreased urine output
- when blood is thicker the heart has to work harder
causing the pulse to increase in order to maintain BP
- volume contraction is a decrease in the volume of
body fluid including the dissolved substances that
maintain osmotic balance (osmolytes)
- the loss of water component of body fluid is
specifically termed dehydration
Crystalloid IV solutions - Answer>> contain crystals,
small molecules enter cells and tissues
- Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
Hypotonic crystalloid IV solution - Answer>> when the
extracellular fluid has fewer solutes (osmolarity) than
the fluid in the cells, water will move from extracellular
space into the cells
- 0.45%
- used to rehydrate tissue
Hypertonic crystalloid IV solution - Answer>> when
the extracellular fluid has more solutes (osmolarity)
than within the cells and water flows out of the cells
- used to draw water from tissue
- to reduce swelling
- gargling with salt H20
- sitz baths with Epsom salts
Isotonic crystalloid IV solution - Answer>> both the
extracellular and intracellular fluids have the same
osmolarity so there is no movement of water between
them
- 0.9 % normal
- used to replace body fluids
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Ringer's Lactate - Answer>> -
IV solution most similar to blood
plasma concentration
- an isotonic crystalloid contains sodium chloride,
potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium
lactate in sterile water
- used for acute blood loss, hypovolemia from third
space fluid shifts (heart, lungs, ab), electrolyte
imbalance and metabolic acidosis
Dextrose in water (D5W) - Answer>> - crystalloid that
is both isotonic and hypotonic
- used for hypernatremia and to provide free water for
the kidneys
- contraindicated in resuscitation, early-post op
recovery, cardiac and renal conditions and in any case
of suspected increases intracranial pressure
- contains small amount of calories
Sodium - Answer>> - preparations: very commonly
used per IV solution
- hyponatremia, hypernatremia
Hyponatremia - Answer>> muscle weakness,
diminished reflexes, personally change, headaches,
increased bowel motility, cardiovascular changes heart
rate volume changes
Hypernatremia - Answer>> muscle twitches, irregular
contractions, skeletal muscle weakness, agitation,
seizures, stupor, coma, decreased cardiac contractility,
decreased urine output
Causes of hyponatremia - Answer>> - decreased in
serum sodium concentration
- caused by an excess of water relative to sodium
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