Western Governors University
(WGU)
NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU D116
WGU NURS 2060 D116 Midterm and Final Exam
Course Title and Number: NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU
D116 Exam
Exam Title: WGU NURS 2060 D116 Midterm and Final Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2024- 2025
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
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NURS 2060 Pharmacology WGU
D116 2024-2025 WGU NURS 2060 D116 Final Updated
Exam Questions with Correct Answers | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
what are the 5 major types of cytotoxic anticancer
drugs - Answer>> -alkylating agents
-platinum compounds
-antimetabolites
-antitumour antibiotics
-mitotic inhibitors
cell cycle phase specificity in anti-cancer drugs -
Answer>> -cytotoxic drugs can be separated into
either cell cycle phase specific or cell cycle phase non-
specific drugs
-cell cycle phase specific are only effective if the cancer
cell is in that specific phase of the cell cycle, so they
are also ineffective for cells in the G0 phase
-cell cycle phase non-specific drugs can act during any
stage of the cell cycle including G0, but they are more
toxic to cells that are proliferating than to cells in G0
alkylating agents, their mechanism of action, drug
example, and common indications - Answer>> -these
are highly reactive chemical that act by transferring an
alkyl group to cell components (primarily DNA)
-they act by forming crossbridges between nitrogen
atoms of guanine nucleotides that make up DNA
-the result of treatment with this drug is miscoding,
breaking of DNA and possibly inhibition of DNA
replication, so this kills cancer cells
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-alkylating agents are cell-phase
non specific, so they can be
effective at any phase of the cell cycle
-the drug example is cyclophosphamide, this is the
most widely used drug in this class
-it is a prodrug that must be converted to its active
form by the liver, its onset of action can be delayed
-common indications for this drug include hodgekins
disease and solid tumours of head, neck, ovary and
breast
platinum compounds mechanism of actin, drug
example and adverse effects - Answer>> -these are
drugs with platinum in their chemical structure
-they act by cross-linking DNA and therfore inhibiting
DNA replication, they do this by binding guanine
nucleotides, so the Pt compounds binds to the DNA
-these are cell phase non specific
-cisplatin is the most widely used platinum compounds,
and is used in treatment of metastatic ovarian and
testicular cancer and advanced bladder cancer
-cisplatin is extremely nephrotoxic, ototoxic ( ear), and
emetogenic ( vomiting and nausea)
antimetabolites mechanism of action and drug
examples - Answer>> -these drugs are structurally
similar to natural compounds the body uses to
synthesize cellular constituents, or incorporate into
DNA
-they act by inhibiting particular enzymes or by
preventing DNA replication
-antimetabolites are phase specific and mostly at in S
phase
-they can be classified into 3 subclasses:
-folic acid analogs, they block the conversion of folate
to its active form tetrahydrofolate (which is required for
DNA synthesis)
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-purine analog inhibit the
syntheiss of DNA and RNA, so
cant make the nucleotide
-pyrimidine analogs inhibit the synthesis of DNA and
RNA, so cant make nucleotide
-remember that if tretrahydrofolate is not made as
much, then purines and pyrimidies are also not made
so this contributes to less nucleotides being made too
antitumour antibiotics, their mechanism of action, drug
example and adverse effects - Answer>> -these drugs
kill cancer cells by intercalating DNA,s o they move
between the based of DNA and bind to DNA, this causes
a change in the structure of DNA
-this altered DNA is unable to be used as a template for
DNA polymerase and therefore DNA synthesis is
inhibited, so cell cant grow
-antittumour antibiotics are very poorly absorbed and
therefore are given as IV
-anthacycline is a type of antitumour antibiotics, which
is effective and widely used as a chemo drug
-but adverse effects include severe bone marrow
suppresion and cardiotoxicity
mitotic inhibitors, their mechanism of action and the 2
different subclasses - Answer>> -these act during the
cell cycles to inhibit mitosis and therefore prevent cell
division, so cell phase specific
-there are 2 subclasses
-vinca alkanloids (from periwinkle plant) block the
process of mitosis during Metaphase. they blood
metaphase by binding to protein tubulin, a component
of microtubules. this disrupts organization of
microtubules during cell division and leads to
inapropriate distribution of chromosomes and
eventually cell death
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