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BI 234 RESPIRATORY DISEASES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
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BI 234 RESPIRATORY DISEASES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE streptococcal pharyngitis group A and beta hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes (g+), humans are reservoir (active cases or healthy asymptomatic carriers). transmitted by respiratory droplets ...

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  • November 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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BI 234 RESPIRATORY DISEASES EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

LATEST UPDATE


streptococcal pharyngitis

group A and beta hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes (g+), humans are

reservoir (active cases or healthy asymptomatic carriers). transmitted by respiratory

droplets or contaminated food, particularly unpasteurized milk. inflammation,

fever/chills, sore throat, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes, otitis media. detection through

agglutination test, most recover but complications can occur (scarlet fever, rheumatic

fever, acute glomerulonephritis, strep. shock syndrome, etc)

scarlet fever

caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, human reservoir, transmitted via respiratory

droplets. high fever, rash (neck and chest, can feel like sandpaper), enlarged and

reddened tongue. mostly affects children 5-12. treated by antibiotics

diphtheria

caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (g+). Reservoir - healthy carriers, those sick

with diphtheria. transmitted via respiratory droplets. swollen + sore throats, swollen

lymph nodes. cardinal sign = membranous pharyngitis - grayish pseudomembrane

covering composed of mucus, dead cells, microorganisms, fibrous material. severe

complication = inflammation and membrane may obstruct airway. only infects mucous

, membranes, but produces deadly exotoxin that interferes with protein synthesis by

inactivating ribosomal protein factor (only can be produced by C. diptheriae that have

been infected by bacteriophages carrying tox gene). treatment = erythromycin, exotoxin-

neutralizing antitoxins, poor prognosis if antitoxin therapy is delayed. prevention via

Tdap vaccine

common cold

world's most common infectious disease, 1-3 day incubation, mild form of rhinitis,

sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis. runny nose, sneezing sore throat, mild cough, mild

aches and pain. 7-10 day duration. spread via droplets. 200+ strains, no vaccine.

rhinovirus majority of cases in spring and fall, coronavirus spreads more in winter but

indistinguishable from rhinovirus colds, 4 strains. adenovirus about 5% of causes, very

contagious, year round frequent in young children/infants. treatment = rest, nutrition,

hydration. avoid droplets. complication is croup, infection of larynx and trachea.

pertussis

"whooping cough." Bordella pertussis (g-). very contagious, spread by droplets, cling to

epithelial cilia. dangerous to young children, disruptive to adults and teens. human

reservoir. secretes toxin that paralyzes cilia. 3 stages = catarrhal (mild symptoms),

paroxysmal (labored breathing), convalescent (100 day cough). paroxysm - coughing fit

that empties lungs followed by forced inhalation, last until patient is exhausted or

vomits... up to 15 times per day. very dangerous in young children/newborns. in

adults/teens can cause weight loss, rib fractures, loss of bladder control, passing out,

etc. vaccines recommended, pregnant women who get vaccine can pass immunity to

infant.

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