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ANS 319 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
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ANS 319 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSLATEST VERSION
What animal requirements are met with the following feed components?
Water/Ash or minerals
Proteins/fat
Sugars and starches/fibre - ANSWER Water/Ash or minerals:
Maintenance and growth
Proteins/fat: Growth, pregnancy and reproduction
Sugars and starches/fibre: Production
What are the three volatile fatty acids? - ANSWER acetic acid
butyric acid
propanoic acid
Does the outside corn husk have high or low digestibility? - ANSWER
LOW
How many grams are in a pound? - ANSWER 454 grams
What is gluten? What is lactose? - ANSWER Gluten= protein
lactose= sugar
What is dry matter? - ANSWER The non water component of feed, as
fed without the water
How do you calculate the amount in grams of each nutrient on as fed
basis? - ANSWER Convert the percent of the nutrient as given in as
fed basis and multiply this by the amount of feed
How do you convert from as fed to dry matter? - ANSWER Divide the
percent of the nutrient in the as fed basis (not converted into decimal) by
the percent of dry matter (converted into decimal)
,For example: In a sample of 100 g the dry matter content is 80%.
Calculate the percent of crude protein (18% as fed) on dry matter basis?
18/ .8 = 22% crude protein
-Nutrient content on a dry matter basis should be LARGER than the as
fed basis
How do you convert from dry matter to as fed? - ANSWER Multiply the
percent of the nutrient on a dry matter basis (not converted to decimal)
by the total dry matter content (as a decimal)
For example: In a sample of 100 g, what is the percent of crude protein
as fed when it is 22% as dry matter basis and the dry matter content is
80%?
22 x .8 = 18%
-Nutrient content for the as fed basis should be SMALLER than the dry
matter content
How would you calculate the amount of dry matter content when only
given the amount of as fed in grams? - ANSWER Multiply the as fed
amount (in grams) by the dry matter content percent (converted to a
decimal)
Example: 125 g as fed x .8 dry matter content= 100 g dry matter content
How would you calculate the amount of as fed content when given the
amount of dry matter in grams? - ANSWER Divide the amount of dry
matter in grams by the dry matter percent (as a decimal)
Example: 100 g of dry matter feed/ .8 dry matter content= 125 g
When given the price of food on an as fed basis, how can you calculate
the cost for dry matter? - ANSWER 1. Multiply the cost given by the
amount of food to get the total price for the entire feed.
, 2. Calculate the total amount of grams for the feed as fed
3. Multiply the total grams of feed for as fed by the decimal percent of
the dry matter content to get the grams of dry matter content
-convert this to pounds if asked by dividing by 454 grams
4. Divide the total price for the feed calculated in step 1 by the pounds of
dry matter calculated in step 3
What are the four types of fermentation? - ANSWER 1. Rumen and
hind gut fermentation via microorganisms
2. Alcohol fermentation via microorganisms
3. Lactic acid fermentation in oxygen deprived muscle cells
4. Bread making via microorganisms
What is the process of fermentation? - ANSWER Transforming
carbohydrates into alcohol and CO2 or organic acids through yeast,
bacteria, or a combination of the two.
What are the step by step chemical conversions for fermentation? (4
steps) - ANSWER 1. Polysaccharides are transformed into
monosaccharides through bacterial enzymes
2. Glycolysis occurs to make pyruvate out of the monosaccharides
3. Pyruvate is converted into acetate and propionate
OR
Pyruvate give one carbon to oxygen to form CO2 which is converted into
CH4
4. Acetate is converted into butyrate
In the components of feed, what are nonstructural carbohydrates and
what are the structural carbohydrates? - ANSWER Nonstructural:
soluble sugars and pectin
Structural: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
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