NURS 620 EXAM II (Cardiovascular and
Respiratory)
Sarah, who is postmenopausal, has controlled asthma and hypertension being effectively treated with
medication, and she smokes cigarettes. She has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 170
mg/dL and a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 40 mg/dL. To reduce Sarah's risk of a coronary event,
the treatment plan would focus on:
A. Lowering her LDL cholesterol level.
B. Lowering her HDL cholesterol level.
C. aggressively treating and controlling her hypertension and asthma.
D. getting Sarah to stop smoking. - CORRECT ANS A. Lowering her LDL cholesterol level.
The most common cause of elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the United
States
A. heredity
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes
D. A diet high in saturated fat. - CORRECT ANS D. A diet high in saturated fat.
Which of the following statements about hypertension is true?
A. It is frequently caused by pheochromocytoma.
B. It is usually the result of an underlying correctable problem.
C. The cause is unknown in approximately 95% of cases.
D. It has a higher incidence among adult white men than any other group. - CORRECT ANS C. The cause
is unknown in approximately 95% of cases.
,What value on the ABI diagnoses PAD?
A. Less than 0.25
B. Less than 0.5
C. Less than 0.9
D. 1 or greater - CORRECT ANS D. 1 or greater.
Harry, age 54, comes to your office with waxing and waning ischemic symptoms over a period of days
and weeks, an increase in angina while at rest, and transient ST changes on his echocardiogram. This
presentation leads you to believe that he is experiencing.
A. A brain attack (stroke/CVA).
B. A myocardial infarction.
C. Stable angina.
D. Unstable angina. - CORRECT ANS D. Unstable angina
Pharmacological therapy for mitral valve disease in adults include:
A. Treatment of dyspnea with diuretics to relieve congestion.
B. Reduction of fast ventricular rates with beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
C. Preload reduction with antihypertensive agents to decrease regurgitant flow.
D. Daily antibiotic use to ward off bacterial infections. - CORRECT ANS A. Treatment of dypsnea with
diuretics to relieve congestion.
Some older adults develop postural hypotension with hypertensive drug therapy. What is included in
your teaching with these individuals?
,A. Drug therapy will be discontinued as soon as their blood pressure stabilizes to prevent this problem
from recurring.
B. Slight dehydration will prevent postural hypotension from occurring.
C. Clients should sleep in a high Fowler's position to prevent this from happening.
D. Clients should be taught to sit on the edge of the bed before standing. - CORRECT ANS D. Clients
should be taught to sit on the edge of the bed before standing.
When a client is getting ready for a cardiac catheterization, which question is essential to ask?
A. Are you allergic to shellfish?
B. Have you ever had a catheterization before?
C. Have you completed an advance directive?
D. What current medications are you on? - CORRECT ANS A. Are you allergic to shellfish?
Which would be the last step you would consider in a client with long-term chronic ischemic heart
disease?
A. Use of ASA.
B. Use of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers.
C. Risk factor and lifestyle modification.
D. A coronary angiogram. - CORRECT ANS D. A coronary angiogram.
When teaching a client with hypertension about restricting dietary sodium, you would include which of
the following instructions?
A. Sodium restriction can cause serious adverse effects.
, B. Diets with markedly reduced intake of sodium may be associated with other beneficial aspects
beyond blood pressure control.
C. Seventy-five percent of sodium intake is derived from processed food.
D. A goal of 3 g of sodium chloride or 1.2 g of sodium per day is easily achievable. - CORRECT ANS C.
Seventy-five percent of sodium intake is derived from processed food.
Margie, age 45, comes into your office as a new patient and says that she has been on nicotinic acid to
treat her serum hyperlipidemia for years. What do you tell her?
A. There has been no evidence to show that this works. Let's change you to a statin.
B. Boy, your old provider is antiquated.
C. If you've been on it for years, and it's working, let's just keep monitoring your levels.
D. Let's eliminate the nicotinic acid for a few months to determine your baseline cholesterol levels. -
CORRECT ANS C. If you've been on it for years, and it's working, let's just keep monitoring your levels.
You are managing a client with CHF. The client is presently on Carvedilol 12. 5 mg PO BID, Lisinopril 2.5
mg PO daily, Lasix 80 mg PO daily, and spironolactone (Aldactone) 25 mg po daily. He is in to see you for
a 2-week follow-up and shares he has gained 7 lb. in the past week. He shares he has been faithful to his
fluid and dietary restrictions and that his urinary output is somewhat less than it has been. What
medication could you add to optimize the response to the loop diuretic?
A. Bumex
B. Metoloazone
C. Demadex
D. Diamox - CORRECT ANS B. Metoloazone
Sandra says she wants to know more about the Pooled Cohort Equation to determine her 10-year risk of
ASCVD. You tell her that the variables include which of the following?
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