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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2Questions And Answers Latest
Update
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources
Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself Answer:
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Answer: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and
integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified Answer: focal or diffuse (aka
multifocal)
focal brain injuries Answer: specific, grossly observable brain lesions that
occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries Answer: include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
,autonomic hyperreflexia Answer: affected at the t5-t6 level or above;
characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding
headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of
the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia Answer: individual
most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia Answer:
bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through
the cord
Alzheimer's disease Answer: leading cause of dementia and one of the most
common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease Answer: age, family
history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease Answer: low
calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical
activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
, what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD Answer:
PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor
protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given Answer: postmortem
examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke Answer: hypertension (87% of
occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke Answer: arterial HTN, insulin
resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL),
elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease
and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-
fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake above 2300mg, low
potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity,
chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral
infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) Answer: Guillain-Barre
syndrome
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms Answer: typical first
manifestations are numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs.
Paresis/paralysis may present in an ascending pattern
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre Answer: weakness
usually plateaus or improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases
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