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OSU-OKC UNIT 1 EXAM 4TH SEMESTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
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OSU-OKC UNIT 1 EXAM 4TH SEMESTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
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OSU-OKC UNIT 1 EXAM 4TH SEMESTER QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024 - 2025
Normal,ABGs,,ANS,-,,pH,=,(A),7.35,--------,(B),7.45
(lungs),PaCO2,=,(B),35,------,(A),45
(if,high,,pH,will,be,low)
(kidneys),HCO3,=,(A),22,---------,(B),26
PaO2,=,80-100
Partial,vs,Full,Compensation,,ANS,-
,,*Partially,Compensated:*,The,body,is,working,to,get,back,to,normal;,pH,is,still,not,quite,normal,,but,not
,as,severe
*Fully,Compensated:*
The,body,has,adapted,effectively;,pH,is,within,normal,range,,but,oxygen,and,bicarbonate,may,be,abnor
mal
Pneumothorax
Causes?
Types?
Complications?,,ANS,-
,,Air,in,the,pleural,space,causing,a,loss,of,negative,pressure,in,the,chest,cavity,,a,rise,in,chest,pressure,an
d,a,reduction,in,vital,capacity,which,can,lead,to,a,collapsed,lung.,May,occur,with,a,degree,of,hemothorax
,(bleeding,into,the,chest,cavity)
*Causes:*
-,Blunt,Chest,Trauma
-,Medical,Procedures,(Intubation,,Tracheostomy,,Mechanical,Ventilation)
,*Types:*
-,Open,(exposed,to,outside,air)
-,Closed
*Complications:*
-
,Tension,Pneumothorax,(life,threatening;,Air,continues,to,enter,the,pleural,space,during,inspiration,and,
does,not,exit,during,expiration,and,completely,collapses,the,lung,and,compresses,blood,vessels.,Decreas
es,filling,of,the,heart,and,reduces,cardiac,output)
S/S,of,Pneumothorax?
Tension?
Hemothorax?,,ANS,-,,-,Reduced,or,absent,breath,sounds,on,affected,side
-,Hyperresonance,on,percussion,
-,Prominence,of,the,affected,side,,which,moves,poorly,with,respiration
-,Deviation,of,the,trachea,away,from,the,midline,and,side,of,injury,toward,the,unaffected,side,
*Tension:*
-,Extreme,respiratory,distress,and,cyanosis
-,Distended,neck,veins,
-,Hemodynamic,instability,
*Hemothorax:*
-,Dull,sound,with,percussion,on,affected,side
Therapeutic,Management,and,Interventions,for,Pneumothorax?,,ANS,-,,-,Chest,Tube,
-,Pain,Control
-,Pulmonary,Hygiene,
-,Position,w/good,lung,down
,-,Assess,for,respiratory,failure
Chest,Tube
Stationary,Chest,Tube,Drainage,System?
Chambers?
Suction?,,ANS,-,,-,A,drain,placed,in,the,pleural,space,that,allows,lung,re-
expansion,and,prevents,air,and,fluid,from,returning,to,the,chest
-
,The,chest,tube,is,connected,by,6,feet,of,tubing,to,a,collection,device,placed,below,the,chest,and,allows,
gravity,to,drain,the,pleural,space.,
-
,The,tubing,allows,for,movement,without,pulling,on,the,chest,tube,,and,if,2,chest,tubes,are,placed,they,a
re,connected,to,the,extension,tubing,by,a,Y,connector.,
*Stationary,Chest,Tube,Drainage,System:,(Pleur-Evac)*
-
,Uses,a,water,seal,mechanism,that,acts,as,a,one,way,valve,to,prevent,air,and,fluid,from,returning,to,the,c
hest.
-,Disposable,plastic,unit,with,3,chambers,connected,to,each,other
-,Tubing,from,patient,attaches,to,the,tubing,at,the,1st,chamber
,*1.,Chamber,1,*=,Collects,drainage,from,patient;,Air,passess,through,and,into,chamber,2.
*,2.,Chamber,2*,=,Water,seal,that,prevents,air,from,re-entering,the,patient's,pleural,space.
,*,Should,always,contain,at,least,2,cm,of,water*
,*,As,air,passes,through,the,water,seal,,the,water,in,chamber,2,will,bubble.,Bubbling,will,stop,once,all,the
,air,is,evacuated.,Bubbling,can,also,stop,if,tube,is,kinked,or,blocked.,Excessive,bubbling,may,indicate,an,a
ir,leak.*
,*,Water,in,the,narrow,column,of,chamber,2,will,normally,rise,about,4,inches,during,inhalation,and,fall,d
uring,exhalation,(tidaling),An,absence,in,this,fluctuation,may,indicate,that,the,lung,has,fully,re-
expanded,or,an,obstruction.*
,*3.,Chamber,3*,=,Suction,control;,Wet,or,Dry
,*1.,Wet*,=,Filled,with,fluid,at,an,ordered,level,by,dr.,(Normal,-
20,cm).,Connected,to,wall,suction,and,increased,until,there,is,a,gentle,bubbling.
,*2.,Dry*,=,Suction,level,is,ordered,by,dr.,Connected,to,wall,suction,and,set,to,the,indicated,amount.
, Nursing,Care,for,Chest,Tubes
Patient?
Drainage,System?,,ANS,-,,*Patient:*
-,Ensure,dressing,on,chest,tube,is,tight,and,intact
-,Assess,for,difficulty,breathing
-,Assess,pulse,oximetry
-,Listen,to,breath,sounds
-,Check,alignment,of,trachea
-,Palpate,around,insertion,site,for,puffiness,or,crackling
-,Assess,for,signs,of,infection,(redness,,purulent,drainage),or,excessive,bleeding
-,Assess,for,pain,and,treat
-,Assist,patient,with,breathing,exercises
-,Reposition,patient,if,"burning",is,reported
-,Keep,sterile,gauze,,sterile,connector,,and,padded,clamp,in,room
*Drainage,System:*
-,Do,not,"strip",the,chest,tube
-,Keep,drainage,system,lower,than,the,patients,chest
-,Keep,chest,tube,as,straight,as,possible,from,bed,to,suction,unit
-
,Ensure,the,chest,tube,is,securely,taped,to,the,connecter,and,that,the,connecter,is,taped,to,the,tubing,le
ading,to,the,collection,chamber
-,Assess,for,bubbling,in,chamber,2
-,Assess,for,tidaling,in,chamber,2
-,Monitor,water,level,in,chamber,2,and,maintain,level
-,Monitor,water,level,in,chamber,3,for,correct,level,if,wet,suction,is,used,
-,Use,padded,clamp,only,for,brief,periods,to,change,the,drainage,system,or,when,checking,for,leaks
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