Sexually Transmitted InfectionsFacts from Reading:
STIs are responsible for genital tract infections that may lead to later
complications in women such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or
infertility and may also cause chronic liver diseases and cancer due to HBV,
HCV, HPV, and AIDS cau...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Facts from Reading:
STIs are responsible for genital tract infections that may lead to later
complications in women such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or
infertility and may also cause chronic liver diseases and cancer due to HBV,
HCV, HPV, and AIDS caused by HIV.
STIs may contribute to cervical cancer, infertility, ectopic pregnancy,
chronic pelvic pain, and death
Factors Placing Teenagers at Risk for STI’s
More common in Females
Females’ anatomy predisposing them to STI’s
Teenagers feelings of invincibility
o aged 15 to 24 years represent almost half of all cases of new STIs
acquired
o When you talk to teenagers you want to approach them in a non-
judgmental way
o you want to consider who is in the room while you’re talking to them
o You want to think about how many partners they’ve been with
o There’s a lot to take into consideration when looking at STI
Unprotected intercourse
Partnerships of limited duration
Obstacles to using the health care system
Manifestations of Common STI’s
Chlamydia: may be asymptomatic, vaginal discharge, endocervicitis,
inflammations of return and lining of the eye, can infect throat
o Newborns can be infected at delivery
o It can cause low birth rate, preterm birth and still birth
o With Chlamydia usually comes with gonorrhea (They usually test both
at the same time)
o Treat with: Zithromax
o BOTH PARTNERS NEED TO BE TREATED!
o Transmission Mode:
Vaginal, Anal, Oral sex, and by childbirth
o Diagnostic Testing:
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Culture fluid from urethral swabs in males or endocervical swabs
for females
Noninvasive, non–culture-based testing is available using nucleic
acid amplification and testing (NAAT) from urine—single test can
test for chlamydia and gonorrhea
Conjunctival secretions in neonates
Females: screen annually
Males: screen high-risk adolescents
o Female Symptoms:
May be asymptomatic
Dysuria, urinary frequency.
Dyspareunia- is pain when sexual intercourse or other sexual
activity that involves penetration is attempted
Cervical discharge (mucus or pus)
Endocervicitis- Inflammation of the lining of the uterine cervix
May lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy
(occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the
main cavity of the uterus), and infertility
Can cause inflammation of the rectum and conjunctiva
Can infect the throat from oral sexual contact with an infected
partner
o Male Symptoms:
May be asymptomatic
Dysuria, urethral itching
Penile discharge (mucus or pus)
Urethral tingling
May lead to epididymitis (Inflammation of the epididymis which
is a tube located in the back of the testicles that stores and
carried sperm- this causes A LOT of pain) and sterility (The
inability to achieve a pregnancy after a year of trying to
have a child (without using contraceptives)
Can cause inflammation of the rectum and conjunctiva
Can infect the throat from oral sexual contact with an infected
partner
o Recommended Treatment:
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Erythromycin (EES)
Levofloxacin Ofloxacin (Floxin)
Sexual partners need evaluation, testing, and treatment also
Abstinence from sexual activity until therapy complete and
symptoms no longer present
Retesting in 3 months to rule out recurrence
Gonorrhea: may be asymptomatic, dysuria, urinary frequency, vaginal
discharge, dyspareunia (Pain during intercourse), endocervicitis,
arthritis, PID, rectal infection
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