RMS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Internal validity - ANSWERSDid IV cause changes in DV?
Extraneous Variables - ANSWERSMay or may not be aware of EV. May be aware enough to measure or account for it
Internal Validity Key - ANSWERSMinimize their effect and explore their vulnera...
Internal validity - ANSWERSDid IV cause changes in DV?
Extraneous Variables - ANSWERSMay or may not be aware of EV. May be aware enough to measure or
account for it
Internal Validity Key - ANSWERSMinimize their effect and explore their vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities
should come first ( artifacts, confounds, nuisance variables)
Confounds - ANSWERSOccur when two or more possible explanations cannot be distinguished
Artifacts - ANSWERSWhen a feature of the research itself other than the IV influences the DV
Confound - ANSWERSdoing a study with the two RM sections. If you compare 1st and 2nd section, there
are differences in the group, age-level, ability level, etc. you cannot confidently say it's because of
"different things"---may simply be the difference between 2 groups
Artifact - ANSWERSUsually something about the research process (indirect or unintended consequences,
Hawthorne effect, reactivity effect)
Threats to validity - ANSWERSPossible problems in a study's design that are organized into four
categories- statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity
, History/maturation - ANSWERSBeginning of the year vs. End of the year could be due to maturation
Instrumentation/ testing/ practice? - ANSWERSExposure to tests may alter performance
Instrumentation/ testing/ practice - ANSWERSCarry-over effect/ Practice effect---can reason thru it the
second time
Statistical regression to the mean? - ANSWERSFrom extreme values to a less extreme value
Statistical regression to the mean - ANSWERSa threat to research validity that may occur when subjects
produce an extreme value on a single test of administration; mathematically the next test scores for
these individuals mostly will move toward the mean value for the measure
Statistical regression to the mean - ANSWERSOperation of unreliability---bouncing around is due to
instability in measurement
Statistical regression to the mean - ANSWERSThreats to Validity
Selection - ANSWERSThreats to Validity
Selection? - ANSWERSA unique set of characteristics in participants, when you can't assign conditions
Mortality/ Attrition - ANSWERSThreat to Validity
Mortality/ Attrition - ANSWERSA particular kind of person drops out affects results, willingness may
decrease
Mortality/ Attrition - ANSWERSa threat to internal validity in which differential dropout rates may be
observed in the experimental and control groups, leading to inequality between the groups
Diffusion - ANSWERSOne group learns about other conditions (ex. Sharing, intervention resources)
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