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PCAT: Chemistry Questions and Answers with 100% Complete Solutions | verified &updated 2024
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PCAT: Chemistry Questions and Answers with 100% Complete Solutions | verified &updated 2024
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PCAT: Chemistry Questions and Answerswith 100% Complete Solutions | verified
&updated 2024
Formula - ✔✔The formula for an ionic compound always gives the simplest
whole number ratio of the ions that yields electrical neutrality
Naming - ✔✔1) Use a two word name, the first word for the cation, the
second word for the anion
2) For monatomic cations, give the element's name
3) For monatomic anions affix an -ide ending to the stem of the elements name
4) Use the unadjusted given name for polyatomic ions
,5) For cations that exhibit more than one common ion charge indicate the
charge with a roman numeral after the elements name. Use -ous and -ic endings
to differentiate the two ions
Quantum numbers - ✔✔Use the four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms)
to characterize each electron in the atom
n - ✔✔indicates the shell the electron is in
l - ✔✔indicates the subtle the electron is in
ml - ✔✔indicates the orbital the electron is in
ms - ✔✔indicates the electrons spin orientation
,Pauli exclusion principle - ✔✔No two electrons in the same atom can have
the same set of four quantum number
What is the maximum number of electrons per shell? - ✔✔2n2
Fill in the subshells - ✔✔
Predicting subshell energy separations - ✔✔The energy difference between two
subshells are that in different shells is greater than the energy difference
between two subshells that are in the same shell. The energy difference between
2s and 4p is greater than the energy difference between 4s and 4d
Predicting ion charges - ✔✔Many elements form ions with either eight or
zero valence electrons
, Diamagnetic - ✔✔an element that has two electrons in all of its occupied
orbitals. A diamagnetic substance is repelled by an external magnetic field
Paramagnetic - ✔✔an element that has at least one orbital with only one
electron in it. A paramagnetic substance is attracted by an external magnetic field
Counting the number of unpaired electrons - ✔✔A upe is an electron that is
the sole occupant of an orbital. Thus an orbital with one electron in it counts as
one up. Diamagnetic substances have zero upe's
Periodic table - ✔✔1) The maximum number of electrons per row is given by 2n2
2) Elements in a column have the same number of valence electrons
3) Elements in a row hove their outermost electrons in the same shell
4) The halogens ranged from light lightest to heaviest are Fl, Cl, Br, I
5) Noble gases ranged from lightest to heaviest are He, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rd
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